. 2025 May 10;12:100718. doi: 10.1016/j.apjon.2025.100718

Table 1.

Summary of characteristics of included studies in the systematic review.

Author/ year	Country	Method	Population (sample size)	Setting	Disease	Aim	Indicator
Ahluwalia et al., 2022³⁴	USA	A mixed-method	2804 respondents in 44 ambulatory palliative care programs	Ambulatory palliative care	All patients	Develop and validate a patient-reported measure of the ambulatory palliative care experience called “feeling heard and understood"	1. Feeling heard and understood by the provider and team 2. Perceiving that the provider and team prioritize the individual's best interests when making care recommendations 3. Feeling seen as a person by the provider and team, not solely as someone with a medical problem 4. Feeling understood by the provider and team regarding what is important in the individual's life
Campion et al. 2011²⁹	USA	Observational study	41 sites, with 92 physicians	Outpatient oncology	Cancer	Advancing performance measurement of palliative care in oncology	1. Pain assessed on either of the last two visits before death 2. Pain assessed appropriately 3. Pain intensity quantified on either of the last two visits before death 4. Plan of care for moderate/severe pain documented on either of the last two visits before death 5. Dyspnea assessed on either of the last two visits before death 6. Dyspnea addressed on either of the last two visits before death and appropriately 7. Hospice enrollment or palliative care referral 8. Chemotherapy administered within the last 2 weeks of life
Dy et al. 2010³⁰	USA	Mixed methods	356 advanced cancer patients in two settings	Both outpatient and inpatient settings	Cancer	Evaluate feasibility, inter-rater reliability, and validity of quality indicators	1. Screening for pain intensity during cancer-related outpatient visits 2. Assessing effectiveness of pain treatment changes at subsequent outpatient visits 3. Regular assessment of nausea/vomiting for patients undergoing chemotherapy or with gastrointestinal/abdominal cancer 4. Evaluating effectiveness of antiemetic treatment for nausea/vomiting 5. Assessing fatigue during chemotherapy visits 6. Screening for anorexia/dysphagia during initial or follow-up visits for specific cancer types 7. Evaluating improvement in anorexia after appetite stimulant treatment 8. Offering symptomatic management for new/worsening dyspnea in lung cancer or advanced cancer patients
Lorenz et al. 2009³¹	USA	Mixed methods	9 expert panelists	Both outpatient and inpatient settings	Cancer	Develop a comprehensive set of quality indicators for supportive cancer care	1. Screening for the presence or absence and intensity of pain 2. Assessing effectiveness of pain treatment changes at subsequent outpatient visits 3. Assessment of nausea/vomiting for patients at every visit 4. Post-chemotherapy communication plan for patients undergoing moderately to highly emetic chemotherapy regimens 5. Assessing underlying causes for nausea or vomiting in outpatients not receiving chemotherapy or radiation 6. Evaluating the effectiveness of antiemetic treatment for nausea or vomiting in outpatients not undergoing chemotherapy or radiation 7. Assessment of the presence or absence of fatigue 8. Assessment for the presence or absence of anorexia or dysphagia 9. Offering symptomatic management or treatment for new or worsening dyspnea in outpatients 10. Referring outpatients with advanced cancer for hospital based palliative care within six months before expected death
Rollison et al., 2022³²	USA	Qualitative/ Cognitive interview	25 outpatient palliative care patients and caregivers	Outpatient setting	Cancer, progressive MS, diabetes and heart disease, chronic regional syndrome, multiple kidney transplants, Crohn's disease	Develop survey items assessing patients' experiences of outpatient palliative care	1. Heard and understood (thinking about your overall experience with this provider and team in the last 6 months, how true is the following statement: I Felt heard and understood by this provider and team.) 2. Pain help (in the last 6 months, have you ever had pain?, In the last 6 months, did you desire assistance from this provider and team? In the last 6 months, did you get as much help as you wanted for your pain from this provider and team?)
Walling et al. 2023³³	USA	Multi-method	A 30-member technical expert	Outpatient setting	–	Developing and testing patient-reported measures in outpatient setting	1. Feeling heard and understood (Q1: I Felt heard and understood by this provider and team, Q2: I Felt this provider and team put my best interests first when making recommendations about my care, Q3: I Felt this provider and team saw me as a person, not just someone with a medical problem, Q4: I Felt this provider and team understood what is important to me in my life.) 2. Receiving desired help for pain (in the last six months, have you ever had pain? In the last six months, did you want help from this provider and team for this pain? In the last six months, did you get as much help as you wanted for your pain from this provider and team?)