Table 3. Characteristics of the Long Life Family Study metabolomics subsample used in analyses.
| Characteristics | Field center | Total sample | |||
| BU | NY | PT | DK | ||
| Number of families | 218 | 233 | 210 | 77 | 555 |
| Number of participants at any visit | 995 | 601 | 862 | 1,004 | 3,462 |
| Number of participants at visit 1 | 947 | 530 | 809 | 856 | 3,142 |
| Number of participants at visit 2 | 508 | 313 | 448 | 655 | 1,924 |
| Number (%) of deceased participants | 351 (35.3%) | 249 (41.4%) | 317 (36.8%) | 328 (32.7%) | 1,245 (36.0%) |
| Follow-up period (years) (mean ± SD (range)) | 10.9 ± 4.7 (0.28, 18.22) |
10.6 ± 4.3 (0.72, 18.41) |
11.2 ± 4.6 (0.29, 18.50) |
12.2 ± 5.1 (0.55, 17.93) |
11.3 ± 4.8 (0.28, 18.50) |
| Age at baseline (mean ± SD (range)) | 69.7 ± 15.6 (32, 104) |
73.1 ± 15.4 (24, 101) |
70.4 ± 15.5 (38, 104) |
69.2 ± 13.9 (38, 104) |
70.3 ± 15.2 (24, 104) |
| Whites (%) | 99.6% | 98.8% | 99.5% | 99.5% | 99.4% |
| Females (%) | 55.6% | 53.7% | 55.3% | 55.2% | 55.1% |
| Low educated participants (below high school) (%) | 5.8% | 6.5% | 6.8% | 28.2% | 12.7% |
| Smokers (smoked >100 cigarettes in lifetime) (%) | 41.7% | 45.4% | 36.5% | 49.1% | 43.2% |
| APOE ɛ4 allele carriers (%) | 15.3% | 19.1% | 18.0% | 26.9% | 20.0% |
| Medication use: angina (%) | 34.7% | 31.8% | 32.8% | 25.7% | 31.1% |
| Medication use: anti-diabetic (%) | 6.7% | 5.8% | 9.0% | 6.0% | 6.9% |
| Medication use: anti-hypertensive (%) | 52.5% | 54.9% | 55.1% | 47.9% | 52.2% |
| Medication use: lipid-lowering (%) | 35.3% | 45.3% | 41.4% | 24.0% | 35.3% |
| No intense physical activity at baseline (%) | 70.3% | 66.4% | 75.3% | 75.8% | 72.4% |
| SPPB total score at baseline (mean ± SD (range)) | 9.9 ± 3.0 (0, 12) |
9.6 ± 2.9 (1, 12) |
10.0 ± 2.8 (1, 12) |
10.1 ± 3.0 (1, 12) |
10.0 ± 2.9 (0, 12) |
| Prevalence of major diseases at baseline (%) | 70.5% | 71.2% | 70.1% | 68.9% | 70.0% |
| BMI at baseline (mean ± SD (range)) | 27.5 ± 5.0 (17, 57) |
26.5 ± 4.0 3 (17, 41) |
27.7 ± 5.2 (17, 52) |
26.4 ± 4.4 (13, 54) |
27.1 ± 4.8 (13, 57) |
(a) The numbers shown in “Number of deceased participants” and “Follow-up period” correspond to the LLFS data release used in this paper (see Data); (b) “Prevalence of major diseases” includes prevalence of any of the following diseases: heart disease, stroke, lung disease, cancer, hypertension, and diabetes. Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; BU: Boston; DK: Denmark; NY: New York; PT: Pittsburgh; SD: standard deviation; SPPB: Short Physical Performance Battery.