Table 3.
Overview of the characteristics studied in cytomorphological analysis and cytomorphological features in cytology specimens divided according to accurately and falsely diagnosed cases groups
| Feature | FN AUS (n = 17), n (%) | FN SUMP (n = 5), n (%) | TP BN (n = 21), n (%) | p values between groups | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (female/male) | 35.3%/64.7% | 40.0%/60.0% | 28.6%/71.4% | ND | |
| Median age (range), years | 64.0 (43–87) | 69.0 (62–85) | 66.0 (47–87) | ND | |
| Mean lesion size, cm | 2.87 | 2.72 | 2.69 | ND | |
| Background | Necrosis | 0 (0.0) | 2 (40.0) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001 |
| Haemorrhage | 5 (29.4) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (42.9) | 0.173 | |
| Cystic haemorrhage | 1 (5.9) | 1 (20.0) | 4 (19.0) | 0.466 | |
| Inflammatory background | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (23.8) | 0.052 | |
| Lymphohistiocytic aggregates | 4 (23.5) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (33.3) | 0.298 | |
| Granular cystic debris | 1 (5.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.457 | |
| Macrophages | 11 (64.7) | 3 (60.0) | 8 (38.1) | 0.242 | |
| Lymphocytes | 17 (100.0) | 5 (100.0) | 21 (100.0) | ND | |
| Plasma cells | 1 (5.9) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (28.6) | 0.098 | |
| Neutrophils | 8 (47.1) | 3 (60.0) | 12 (57.1) | 0.786 | |
| Adipocytes | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.8) | 0.585 | |
| Fibroblasts | 1 (5.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.457 | |
| Crystals, crystalloids | 3 (17.6) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (9.5) | 0.510 | |
| Debris | 9 (52.9) | 3 (60.0) | 11 (52.4) | 0.952 | |
| Mucinous like | 1 (5.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.8) | 0.860 | |
| Keratin | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (9.5) | 0.333 | |
| Architecture | Hypocellularity | 1 (5.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.457 |
| Cellularity (diffuse hypercellularity) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (20.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.020 | |
| Large intact cellular fragments | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.8) | 0.585 | |
| Sheets | 4 (23.5) | 2 (40.0) | 10 (47.6) | 0.308 | |
| Honeycomb sheets | 0 (0.0) | 1 (20.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.020 | |
| Formation of trabeculae | 3 (17.6) | 3 (60.0) | 7 (33.3) | 0.176 | |
| Papillae | 2 (11.8) | 1 (20.0) | 12 (57.1) | 0.011 | |
| Discohesivity | 1 (5.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.457 | |
| Single cells | 1 (5.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.9) | 0.860 | |
| Small groups | 4 (23.5) | 4 (80.0) | 12 (57.1) | 0.033 | |
| Cell | Oncocytic cells | 10 (58.8) | 3 (60.0) | 18 (85.7) | 0.150 |
| Oncocytoid cells | 1 (5.9) | 1 (20.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.154 | |
| Acini | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.8) | 0.585 | |
| Cytoplasmic granules | 2 (11.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.201 | |
| Nuclear | Size variability | 1 (5.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.457 |
FN, false negative; TP, true positive; AUS, atypia of undetermined significance; SUMP, salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential; BN, benign neoplasm.