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. 2025 Jun 11;48(1):500. doi: 10.1007/s10143-025-03647-2

Table 4.

The analysis of socioeconomic variables and their association with risk factors

Socioeconomic variables Reference HR [95% CI] I2 p-value
Sex Male Female 1.07 [1.05, 1.09] 9% < 0.00001
Race African American Caucasian 0.92 [0.88, 0.97] 47% 0.0004
Hispanic Caucasian 0.85 [0.72, 0.99] 95% 0.04
Others Caucasian 0.78 [0.73, 0.85] 68% < 0.00001
Marital status Unmarried Married 1.14 [1.09, 1.20] 31% < 0.00001
Widow Married 2.45 [0.34, 17.40] 70% 0.37
Unknown Not married 0.87 [0.75, 1.01] 63% 0.07
Insurance Private payer Private insurance 1.11 [1.06, 1.15] 0% < 0.00001
Government based insurance Private insurance 1.09 [1, 1.19] 66% 0.05
Comorbid With comorbid No comorbid 1.05 [0.93, 1.18] 41% 0.43
MHI Low income High income 0.94 [0.85, 1.05] 72% 0.28
Area of living Urban Metropolitan 1.07 [1.04, 1.10] 0% < 0.00001
Rural Metropolitan 1.06 [0.98, 1.16] 0% 0.16