Table 3.
A validity analysisa of the haptic user perception questionnaire among 250 older adults in Dangtu County, China from October to December 2024 was conducted using SPSS (IBM Corp).
| Name | Factor 1 | Factor 2 | Factor 3 | Factor 4 | Commonality (common factor variance) |
| Do you know serious games? (Factor loading coefficient) | –0.001 | 0.207 | –0.107 | 0.752 | 0.620 |
| Are you familiar with card games? (Factor loading coefficient) | 0.183 | 0.018 | 0.147 | 0.742 | 0.606 |
| Why do you like playing card games? (Factor loading coefficient) | 0.004 | 0.183 | 0.608 | –0.185 | 0.437 |
| Do you think card games can exercise your brain? (Factor loading coefficient) | 0.151 | 0.668 | –0.111 | 0.163 | 0.507 |
| What abilities of the brain do you think card games can train? (Factor loading coefficient) | 0.012 | 0.806 | 0.154 | 0.004 | 0.673 |
| Would you like to try mobile card games? (Factor loading coefficient) | 0.668 | 0.032 | –0.022 | 0.269 | 0.520 |
| Are you willing to try a mobile card game that reduces visual fatigue? (Factor loading coefficient) | 0.671 | 0.098 | 0.089 | 0.023 | 0.468 |
| Which haptic feedback do you prefer? (Factor loading coefficient) | 0.175 | –0.039 | 0.653 | 0.414 | 0.629 |
| Which mode of haptic feedback are you comfortable with? (Factor loading coefficient) | 0.273 | 0.080 | 0.684 | 0.060 | 0.553 |
| Would you like to try a card game with haptic feedback technology? (Factor loading coefficient) | 0.843 | –0.018 | 0.139 | 0.082 | 0.738 |
| Do you think that card games incorporating haptic feedback technology could reduce the need to use vision to obtain information? (Factor loading coefficient) | 0.792 | 0.073 | 0.140 | 0.074 | 0.657 |
| Do you think card games combined with haptic feedback technology are a good combination? (Factor loading coefficient) | 0.850 | 0.147 | 0.112 | 0.002 | 0.757 |
| Do you think card games combined with haptic feedback technology can help improve your cognitive abilities? (Factor loading coefficient) | 0.809 | 0.166 | 0.165 | 0.012 | 0.710 |
| What aspects of your cognitive abilities do you think card games combined with haptic feedback technology can improve? (Factor loading coefficient) | 0.194 | 0.695 | 0.349 | 0.079 | 0.648 |
| Eigenvalue (before rotation) (Factor loading coefficient) | 4.509 | 1.661 | 1.250 | 1.103 | —b |
| Variance explained (before rotation; %) | 32.207 | 11.864 | 8.932 | 7.880 | — |
| Cumulative variance explained (before rotation; %) | 32.207 | 44.071 | 53.003 | 60.883 | — |
| Eigenvalue (after rotation; factor loading coefficient) | 3.812 | 1.727 | 1.542 | 1.442 | — |
| Variance explained (after rotation; %) | 27.228 | 12.338 | 11.014 | 10.303 | — |
| Cumulative variance explained (after rotation; %) | 27.228 | 39.565 | 50.580 | 60.883 | — |
aKMO: Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin. KMO value=0.824; Bart spherical value=1161.161; df=91; P<.001.
bNot applicable.