Table 2.
Group DSQ item composite score means by symptom domain.
| Sleep Reversal | No Sleep Reversal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptom Domain | (N = 327) | (N = 1986) | p-Value | |
| Symptom | M (SD) | M (SD) | ||
| Sleep | ||||
| Unrefreshing Sleep | 86.9 (15.1) | 74.7 (20.9) | <0.01 | |
| Needing to Nap | 69.2 (27.5) | 53.3 (30.5) | <0.01 | |
| Difficulty Falling Asleep | 75.1 (26.3) | 54.2 (30.7) | <0.01 | |
| Difficulty Staying Asleep | 69.4 (28.9) | 54.4 (30.6) | <0.01 | |
| Waking up Early | 59.0 (33.2) | 47.0 (31.6) | <0.01 | |
| Sleep Reversal | 66.3 (15.6) | 9.04 (15.8) | <0.01 | |
| PEM | <0.01 | |||
| Heavy Feeling | 75.9 (25.8) | 65.6 (28.7) | <0.01 | |
| Mental Fatigue | 74.1 (22.3) | 62.0 (25.3) | <0.01 | |
| Minimum Exercise | 82.2 (18.6) | 71.4 (23.9) | <0.01 | |
| Feeling Drained | 77.4 (20.4) | 67.2 (25.2) | <0.01 | |
| Fatigue | 86.0 (13.8) | 76.9 (17.8) | <0.01 | |
| Muscle Weakness | 70.7 (25.8) | 57.3 (29.1) | <0.01 | |
| Neurocognitive | <0.01 | |||
| Difficulty Remembering | 72.1 (25.1) | 59.5 (26.6) | <0.01 | |
| Trouble Paying Attention | 75.4 (24.4) | 65.9 (25.8) | <0.01 | |
| Trouble Forming Words | 68.8 (24.6) | 57.2 (26.1) | <0.01 | |
| Difficulty Understanding | 56.2 (26.4) | 44.9 (27.1) | <0.01 | |
| Difficulty Focusing | 71.5 (25.0) | 60.8 (28.4) | <0.01 | |
| Slowness of Thought | 64.8 (26.6) | 54.2 (27.3) | <0.01 | |
| Sensitivity to Noise | 65.1 (28.4) | 53.2 (29.5) | <0.01 | |
| Sensitivity to Light | 63.4 (27.9) | 48.7 (31.1) | <0.01 | |
| Sensitivity to Smells | 55.3 (34.2) | 42.2 (34.0) | <0.01 | |
| Unable to Focus Vision | 59.4 (28.1) | 46.0 (27.6) | <0.01 | |
| Loss of Depth Perception | 33.2 (31.9) | 21.1 (28.1) | <0.01 | |
| Twitching | 50.7 (29.9) | 31.3 (25.8) | <0.01 | |
| Absent Mindedness | 67.9 (26.3) | 54.4 (27.2) | <0.01 | |
| Immune | <0.01 | |||
| Sore Throats | 47.3 (26.9) | 35.4 (26.1) | <0.01 | |
| Lymph Nodes | 45.5 (30.4) | 33.7 (28.7) | <0.01 | |
| Fever | 27.3 (26.6) | 17.6 (22.5) | <0.01 | |
| High Temperature | 45.8 (29.8) | 28.1 (28.0) | <0.01 | |
| Flu | 56.1 (27.7) | 44.6 (28.1) | <0.01 | |
| Neuroendocrine | <0.01 | |||
| Cold Limbs | 59.1 (29.5) | 49.7 (30.4) | <0.01 | |
| Chills | 43.8 (27.6) | 31.7 (27.1) | <0.01 | |
| Feeling Hot/Cold | 62.2 (28.0) | 43.7 (28.4) | <0.01 | |
| Night Sweats | 47.9 (29.8) | 30.6 (28.8) | <0.01 | |
| Sweating Hands | 29.5 (31.2) | 12.4 (22.8) | <0.01 | |
| Weight Change | 49.4 (35.1) | 32.3 (33.6) | <0.01 | |
| Loss of Appetite | 39.4 (27.4) | 23.2 (24.9) | <0.01 | |
| Low Temperature | 36.9 (30.5) | 25.3 (28.4) | <0.01 | |
| Pain | <0.01 | |||
| Muscle Pain | 75.8 (24.1) | 62.9 (27.6) | <0.01 | |
| Headaches | 57.5 (25.6) | 47.5 (26.4) | <0.01 | |
| Eye Pain | 45.1 (29.1) | 30.0 (28.1) | <0.01 | |
| Soreness | 80.7 (17.9) | 69.5 (23.4) | <0.01 | |
| Joint Pain | 70.2 (28.3) | 52.4 (32.0) | <0.01 | |
| Gastrointestinal | <0.01 | |||
| Bloating | 52.0 (29.7) | 39.2 (28.9) | <0.01 | |
| Bladder Issues | 44.2 (33.5) | 30.6 (31.8) | <0.01 | |
| Sensitivity to Alcohol | 39.6 (37.6) | 36.3 (36.3) | 0.22 | |
| Stomach Pain | 50.2 (27.9) | 37.3 (28.2) | <0.01 | |
| Irregular Bowels | 52.6 (33.3) | 41.7 (33.3) | <0.01 | |
| Orthostatic | <0.01 | |||
| Nausea | 38.8 (26.4) | 29.0 (25.8) | <0.01 | |
| Chest Pain | 38.1 (27.9) | 24.1 (25.1) | <0.01 | |
| Feeling Unsteady | 57.9 (29.8) | 40.2 (27.9) | <0.01 | |
| Shortness of Breath | 50.2 (29.0) | 35.7 (27.7) | <0.01 | |
| Dizziness | 47.3 (27.5) | 34.9 (26.4) | <0.01 |
DSQ item composite scores for all symptom domains were determined to be significantly higher in the Sleep Reversal group than the No Sleep Reversal Group (except for the symptom of alcohol sensitivity) using two-sample independent t-tests at the p < 0.01 level.