ACE2	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
ADEVs	Astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles
ANS	Autonomic nervous system
APOE-ε4	Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
BBB	Blood–brain barrier
B-CSF	Blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier
CAP	Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway
CD	Cluster of differentiation
CDC	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CNS	Central nervous system
CSF	Cerebrospinal fluid
CXCL	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand
ECs	Endothelial cells
EV	Extracellular vehicles
GFAP	Glial fibrillary acidic protein
GM-CSF	Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor
HIF-1α	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
HRV	Heart rate variability
ICAM-1	Intercellular adhesion molecule 1
IFN	Interferon
IL	Interleukin
KKS	Kallikrein–kinin system
LGALS3	Galectin-3
miRNAs	MicroRNA
ME/CFS	Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
MMSE	Mini-mental state examination
MoCA	Montreal cognitive assessment
MMP-9	Matrix metalloproteinase 9
NFL	Neurofilament light chain
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NLRP3	NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3
NRP1	Neuropilin-1
NDEVs	Neuron-derived extracellular vesicles
NRF2	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
PASC	Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection
PBMCs	Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
POTS	Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
PRRs	Pattern recognition receptors
PPARγ	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SARS-CoV-2	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
SDMT Symbol	Digit modalities test
S1/S2	Subunit 1/Subunit 2 (spike protein cleavage sites)
S100B	S100 calcium-binding protein β
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor beta
TIAs	Transient ischemic attacks
TMPRSS2	Transmembrane protease serine 2
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor alpha
VCAM-1	Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1
VEGF-A	Vascular endothelial growth factor A
VEGFR2	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2
WHO	World Health Organization