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. 2005 Sep 1;2:8. doi: 10.1186/1742-7622-2-8

Table 4.

Reporting of Patient Characteristics and Efforts to Assess and Control Confounding

Quinidine (Afib) (n = 6) Trial of Labor (Breech) (n = 6) Colposuspension 1 (Incontinence) (n = 6) Colposuspension 2 (Incontinence) (n = 4) Early Discharge (Childbirth) (n = 4) Hip Screw (Hip Fx) (n = 5) Local Anesthesia (CEA) (n = 11) HSG (Infertility) (n = 6)
Patient Characterization*
A = 4 A = 3 A = 5 A = 3 A = 0 A = 3 A = 7 A = 1
B = 2 B = 3 B = 1 B = 1 B = 3 B = 1 B = 4 B = 3
C = 0 C = 0 C = 0 C = 0 C = 1 C = 1 C = 0 C = 0
D = 0 D = 0 D = 0 D = 0 D = 0 D = 0 D = 0 D = 2
Treatment Selection↖
A = 0 A = 0 A = 0 A = 0 A = 1 A = 1 A = 5 A = 3
B = 0 B = 0 B = 0 B = 0 B = 1 B = 0 B = 3 B = 0
C = 0 C = 6 C = 5 C = 4 C = 2 C = 0 C = 1 C = 1
D = 6 D = 0 D = 1 D = 0 D = 0 D = 4 D = 2 D = 2
Comparison of risk factors*
A = 0 A = 2 A = 5 A = 3 A = 0 A = 1 A = 5 A = 1
B = 3 B = 3 B = 1 B = 0 B = 3 B = 2 B = 6 B = 2
C = 0 C = 1 C = 0 C = 0 C = 1 C = 0 C = 0 C = 0
D = 3 D = 0 D = 0 D = 1 D = 0 D = 2 D = 0 D = 3
Statistical Adjustment‡
A A = 0 A = 0 A = 0 A = 0 A = 1 A = 0 A = 1 A = 0
B B = 1 B = 3 B = 1 B = 2 B = 0 B = 2 B = 0 B = 0
C C = 5 C = 3 C = 5 C = 2 C = 3 C = 3 C = 10 C = 6

Afib = Atrial fibrillation

Hip Fx = Hip Fracture

CEA = Carotid Endarterectomy

HSG = Hysterosalpingography

* Characterizations or comparisons were given an 'A' if they included least one element in each of the following categories: demographics, medical history, and clinical assessment. They were given a 'B' if they included one medical history or clinical assessment variable, a 'C' if they included one demographic variable, and a 'D' if there were no characterization or comparisons.

↖ Treatment selection methods were given an 'A' if they probably reduced confounding, a 'B' if the effect on confounding was uncertain, a 'C' if confounding was probably increased, and a 'D' if they were not described.

† Statistical adjustment was given an 'A' for using multiple regression, 'B' for using stratification, and 'C' for no adjustment.