131I	iodine-131
AHR	aryl hydrocarbon receptor
AI	artificial intelligence
AP1	activator protein 1
ATA	American Thyroid Association
ATC	anaplastic thyroid cancer
BMI	body mass index
CEA	carcinoembryonic antigen
CGRP	calcitonin gene-related peptide
CRP	C-reactive protein
CT	computed tomography
Ctn	calcitonin
DC	dendritic cell
DSS	disease-specific survival
DSV	diffuse sclerosing variant
DTC	differentiated thyroid cancer
EDCs	endocrine-disrupting chemicals
ERα	estrogen receptor alpha
ERβ	estrogen receptor beta
FMTC	familial medullary thyroid cancer
FNA	fine-needle aspiration
FNAB	fine-needle aspiration biopsy
FNAC	fine-needle aspiration cytology
FT3	free triiodothyronine
FT4	free thyroxine
FTC	follicular thyroid carcinoma
FTC	follicular thyroid cancer
FVPTC	follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma
FVPTC	PTC with a dominant follicular variant
HDI	Human Development Index
HT	Hashimoto thyroiditis
HV	hobnail
IGF-1	insulin-like growth factor 1
LND	lymph node dissection
LNM	lymph node metastasis
MAPK	MAP kinase
MEN2	multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2
MEN4	multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4
MRI	magnetic resonance
MTC	medullary thyroid cancer
NF-kB	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B
NIFTP	non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features
NIS	sodium–iodide symporter
ORR	treatment response rate
OS	overall survival
PCR	reverse-transcriptase polymerase reaction
Pct	procalcitonin
PTC	papillary thyroid cancer
RAI	radioactive iodine
RF	radiofrequency
SHS	secondhand smoking
SPECT	single-proton emission computed tomography
SV	solid variant
T3	triiodothyronine
T4	thyroxine
TAMs	tumor-associated macrophages
TBG	thyroxine-binding globulin
TBSRTC	The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology
TC	thyroid cancer
TCV	tall cell variant
TG	thyroglobulin
TKIs	tyrosine kinase inhibitors
TME	tumor microenvironment
TNF	tumor necrosis factor
TSH	thyroid-stimulating hormone
TSHRs	TSH receptors
TT	total thyroidectomy
TgAb	anti-TG antibody
US	ultrasonography
VIP	vasoactive intestinal peptide
lncRNAs	long non-coding RNAs
mRNA	messenger RNA
miRNA	microRNA