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. 2025 May 22;14(11):3628. doi: 10.3390/jcm14113628

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© 2025 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The risk of CE in isthmocele [25,26,31]. Forest plot of proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for studies evaluating the risk of CE in patients with and without isthmocele. Overall estimates are shown in the fixed and random-effects models.