| Ac-DEVD-pNA | N-Acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp p-nitroanilide |
| αSMA | alpha smooth muscle actin |
| BAX | BCL-2-like protein |
| β-catenin | catenin beta-1 |
| BCL-2 | B-cell lymphoma 2 |
| BSA | bovine serum albumin |
| cDNA | complementary DNA |
| Col1a1 | collagen type 1 |
| Col3a1 | collagen type 3 |
| DAPI | 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole |
| DMD | Duchenne muscular dystrophy |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium |
| DMSO | dimethylsulfoxide |
| DPBS | Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline |
| DTT | dithiothreitol |
| ECM | extracellular matrix |
| FBS | fetal bovine serum |
| GAPDH | glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| GCLC | glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit |
| GSH | glutathione |
| HEPES | N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-ethane sulfonic acid |
| hiFBS | heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum |
| H2O2 | hydrogen peroxide |
| IGF1R/AKT/mTOR | insulin-like growth factor 1/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin |
| ITG1B/FAK/paxillin | integrin-β1/focal adhesion kinase/paxillin |
| LDH | lactate dehydrogenase |
| MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin |
| MyoD | myoblast determination protein 1 |
| MyoD(-) | myoblast determination protein 1-negative |
| MyoD(+) | myoblast determination protein 1-positive |
| NADPH oxidase/Nox | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase |
| Nrf-2 | nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 |
| qPCR | quantitative polymerase chain reaction |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| SEM | standard error of the mean |
| TGF-β1 | transforming growth factor beta 1 |
| YWHAZ | 14-3-3 protein zeta/delta |