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. 2025 May 27;26(11):5151. doi: 10.3390/ijms26115151
Ac-DEVD-pNA N-Acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp p-nitroanilide
αSMA alpha smooth muscle actin
BAX BCL-2-like protein
β-catenin catenin beta-1
BCL-2 B-cell lymphoma 2
BSA bovine serum albumin
cDNA complementary DNA
Col1a1 collagen type 1
Col3a1 collagen type 3
DAPI 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
DMD Duchenne muscular dystrophy
DMEM Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium
DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
DPBS Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline
DTT dithiothreitol
ECM extracellular matrix
FBS fetal bovine serum
GAPDH glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
GCLC glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit
GSH glutathione
HEPES N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-ethane sulfonic acid
hiFBS heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum
H2O2 hydrogen peroxide
IGF1R/AKT/mTOR insulin-like growth factor 1/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin
ITG1B/FAK/paxillin integrin-β1/focal adhesion kinase/paxillin
LDH lactate dehydrogenase
MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase
mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin
MyoD myoblast determination protein 1
MyoD(-) myoblast determination protein 1-negative
MyoD(+) myoblast determination protein 1-positive
NADPH oxidase/Nox nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase
Nrf-2 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
qPCR quantitative polymerase chain reaction
ROS reactive oxygen species
SEM standard error of the mean
TGF-β1 transforming growth factor beta 1
YWHAZ 14-3-3 protein zeta/delta