Table 1.

Some foods that can lower blood lipids.

Food Name	Bioactive Components	Mechanisms	Ref.
Natto	Nattokinase	Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were significantly reduced.	[58]
Mulberry	Ethyl acetate	Reduces serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, thereby preventing atherosclerosis.	[59]
Citrus	Naringin	Increases anti-lipid peroxidation in liver, decreases SOD activity and oxygen free radical generation, and significantly reduces MDA content.	[60]
Sea Buckthorn Fruit	Quercetin	Promotes the conversion of cholesterol into bile acids, promotes cholesterol efflux, inhibits cholesterol de novo synthesis, and accelerates fatty acid oxidation.	[61]
Hawthorn	Hypericin and Ursolic acid	Can prevent the accumulation of fat in the liver, affect the PPARr-PPRE signaling system, and inhibit the synthesis of endogenous lipids.	[62]
Garlic	Garlicn	The levels of serum TC, TG, and LDL-C were significantly decreased, and the content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was increased. The activities of serum lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase, myocardial lipoprotein lipase, and hepatic lipase were increased to varying degrees.	[63]
Onion	Onion alcohol extract	Increases the expression of LDLR protein and reduces the expression of HMG CR protein to play its lipid-lowering effect.	[64]
Capsicum	Capsaicin	Promotes the secretion of the nerve conduction substances acetylcholine and thyroid gland, and promotes body fat oxidation.	[65]
Tomato	Lycopene	Inhibits acyl-CoA.	[66]
Yam	Yam polysaccharide	Improves the activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase, insulin sensitivity, and antioxidant activity.	[67]