A375	Human melanoma cell line
ABTS	2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)
AGEs	Advanced glycation end products
AgNPs	Silver nanoparticles
AKT	Protein Kinase B
α-MSH pathway	Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone
AQP3	Aquaporin 3
AP	Apple pomace
APG	Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
AME	Aronia melanocarpa  extract
B16	Tumor line
B16-F10	Murine melanoma cell line
BRAF	A serine–threonine kinase in the family of RAF kinases
CDKN2A	Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A
CAT	Catalase (antioxidant enzyme)
COX-1	Cyclooxygenase 1
COX-2	Cyclooxygenase 2
CPDs	Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers
DOPA	3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
DMBA	7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
DPPH	2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
EBV-EA	Epstein–Barr virus early antigen
EC	Epicatechin
ERK	Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase
FcεRI	The high-affinity Fc receptor for immunoglobulin E
FGF-2	Fibroblast Growth Factor 2
FLG	Filaggrin
FRAP	Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching
GBA	Glucosylceramidase Beta
GCS	Glucosylceramide Synthase
HaCaT	Human keratinocyte cell line
H2O2	Hydrogen peroxide
HDFa	Human dermal fibroblasts
Hs27	Human Fibroblast Cell Line
HPLC-ESI-MS	High-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry
IC50	Half-maximal inhibitory concentration
IgE	Immunoglobulin E
IFN-γ	Interferon gamma
IL-1β	Interleukin 1 beta
IL-10	Interleukin 10
IL-13	Interleukin 13
IL-17	Interleukin 17
IL-22	Interleukin 22
IL-23	Interleukin 23
IL-33	Interleukin 33
IL-36	Interleukin 36
IL-4	Interleukin 4
IL-5	Interleukin 5
IL-6	Interleukin 6
iNOS	Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase
INV	Involucrin (structural protein in skin)
JNK	C-Jun N-Terminal Kinases
LC-MS	Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
L-DOPA	L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
LOX	Lipoxygenase
MAPK	Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
MMP-2	Matrix metalloproteinase 2
MMP-3	Matrix metalloproteinase 3
MMP-9	matrix metalloproteinase 9
MMPs	Matrix metalloproteinases
NHDFs	Normal human dermal fibroblasts
NO	Nitric oxide
NRAS	Neuroblastoma RAS Viral Oncogene Homolog
NC/Nga	Mouse models
p38 MAPK	p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
PPARα, β/δ, and γ	Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
PTEN	Phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10
PVDE	Pourthiaea villosa extract
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
RCLE	Rubus idaeus lipid-soluble extract
REA	Rosa multiflora Thunb flowers and its subfractions in ethylacetate
RBT	Rosa multiflora Thunb flowers and its subfractions in n-butanol
RFCS	Rose flower cell sap