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. 2025 May 30;13:1569855. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1569855

Table 2.

Factors that promote and hinder the implementation of DIP payment.

CFIR construct CFIR domain Determinants facilitator/Barrie/Mixed
Innovation Effectiveness Mixed
Comparative advantage Facilitator
Trust Facilitator
Applicability Mixed
Complexity Barrier
Supporting policies Facilitator
Outer setting Important events (outer pressure) Barrier
Outer attitudes Mixed
Local policy conditions Mixed
Collaborative relationships Facilitator
Policy and Laws Mixed
Outer incentives (financial aid) Facilitator
Inner setting Team structure Mixed
Collaboration within the hospital Facilitator
Information sharing Facilitator
Culture Mixed
Urgency of reform Facilitator
Compatibility Mixed
Relative priority Facilitator
Incentive system Barrier
Goal alignment Mixed
Available Resources Barrier
Accessibility of knowledge and information Facilitator
Individuals Roles Leaders, team members, supporters Mixed
Individual’s adaptability to reform Barrier
Individual abilities Mixed
Characteristics Scope of individual power (available resources) Barrier
Individual motivation Barrier
Implementation process Teamwork Facilitator
Needs assessment Barrier
Environmental assessment Mixed
Planning Facilitator
Adjust strategy Facilitator
Mobilization Barrier
Execute Mixed
Reflection and evaluation Facilitator

Facilitators to implementation were predominantly high (39%), with 22% barriers to implementation.