Table 2.
Unadjusted association between baseline variables and depressive symptoms.
| Variables | CESD-11 Mean (SD) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|
| Loneliness | <0.001 | |
| 34 < | 14.39 (3.58) | |
| 35–49 | 18.37 (5.16) | |
| 50–64 | 24.04 (6.80) | |
| 65=> | 30.97 (8.46) | |
| Commute time (min) | 0.640 | |
| 30 < | 18.07 (6.17) | |
| 30 => | 17.96 (6.38) | |
| Work satisfaction | <0.001 | |
| 1 (not at all) | 23.81 (7.38) | |
| 2 | 20.66 (6.81) | |
| 3 | 18.60 (6.14) | |
| 4 | 16.78 (5.56) | |
| 5 (very) | 16.61 (6.71) | |
| Job–major alignment | <0.001 | |
| Not at all | 18.64 (6.57) | |
| Somewhat | 17.88 (6.03) | |
| Perfect | 17.17 (5.92) | |
| Experience of workplace bullying | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 20.83 (7.19) | |
| No | 17.72 (7.19) | |
| Number of employees | <0.001 | |
| 1–4 | 18.47 (6.66) | |
| 5–299 | 18.19 (6.37) | |
| 300 or more | 17.16 (5.50) | |
| Gender | <0.001 | |
| Male | 17.30 (6.07) | |
| Female | 18.60 (6.33) | |
| Age | 0.725 | |
| 18–25 | 18.02 (6.20) | |
| 26–29 | 18.15 (6.49) | |
| 30–32 | 17.93 (6.17) | |
| 33–36 | 18.01 (6.12) | |
| Marital status | 0.139 | |
| Not married | 18.26 (6.38) | |
| Married | 17.45 (6.02) | |
| Divorced or separated | 20.14 (7.69) | |
| Household | 0.005 | |
| Single | 18.43 (6.50) | |
| Cohabit | 17.79 (6.08) | |
| Education | 0.055 | |
| High school or less | 18.64 (6.55) | |
| College | 18.01 (6.24) | |
| Graduate level | 17.94 (6.55) | |
| Homeownership | <0.001 | |
| Owner | 17.25 (5.74) | |
| Non-owner | 18.39 (6.34) | |
| Subjective income level | <0.001 | |
| 1–2 (very low) | 23.67 (8.42) | |
| 3–4 (low) | 19.37 (6.29) | |
| 5–6 (intermediate) | 16.97 (5.42) | |
| 7–8 (high) | 15.96 (5.04) | |
| 9–10 (very high) | 17.05 (5.50) |