Table 3.
Multivariate model of negative binomial regression: predicting depressive symptoms (CESD-11).
| Variable | Depression | |
|---|---|---|
| Estimate | IRR (95% CI) | |
| Loneliness | ||
| 34 < (reference) | 1 | |
| 35–49 | 0.21*** | 1.24 (1.20, 1.28) |
| 50–64 | 0.44*** | 1.55 (1.49, 1.61) |
| 65=> | 0.66*** | 1.94 (1.74, 2.16) |
| Commute time (min) | ||
| 30 < (reference) | 1 | |
| 30 => | −0.01 | 0.98 (0.96, 1.01) |
| Work satisfaction | ||
| 1 (reference) | 1 | |
| 2 | −0.01* | 0.91 (0.83, 0.98) |
| 3 | −0.14*** | 0.86 (0.80, 0.93) |
| 4 | −0.19*** | 0.82 (0.76, 0.89) |
| 5 | −0.16*** | 0.84 (0.77, 0.93) |
| Job–major alignment | ||
| Not at all (reference) | 1 | |
| Somewhat | −0.00 | 0.99 (0.96, 1.02) |
| Perfect | 0.01 | 1.00 (0.97, 1.05) |
| Experience of workplace bullying | ||
| No (reference) | 1 | |
| Yes | 0.08*** | 1.09 (1.04, 1.14) |
| Number of employees | ||
| 1–4 (reference) | 1 | |
| 5–299 | −0.01 | 0.98 (0.95, 1.03) |
| 300 or more | −0.03 | 0.97 (0.93, 1.01) |
| Gender | ||
| Female (reference) | 1 | |
| Male | −0.03* | 0.96 (0.94, 0.99) |
| Age | ||
| 18–25 (reference) | 1 | |
| 26–29 | −0.02 | 0.97 (0.92, 1.02) |
| 30–32 | −0.03 | 0.98 (0.93, 1.03) |
| 33–36 | −0.04 | 0.97 (0.91, 1.02) |
| Marital status | ||
| Not married (reference) | 1 | |
| Married | 0.04 | 1.04 (0.99, 1.08) |
| Divorced or separated | −0.01 | 0.98 (0.84, 1.15) |
| Household | ||
| Cohabit (reference) | 1 | |
| Single | 0.02 | 1.01 (0.98, 1.05) |
| Education | ||
| High school or less (reference) | 1 | |
| College | −0.02 | 0.97 (0.93, 1.01) |
| Graduate level | −0.01 | 0.98 (0.92, 1.04) |
| Homeownership | ||
| Non-owner (reference) | 1 | |
| Owner | −0.03* | 1.02 (0.98, 1.05) |
| Subjective income level | ||
| 1–2 (reference) | 1 | |
| 3–4 | −0.08** | 0.92 (0.87, 0.97) |
| 5–6 | −0.12*** | 0.87 (0.83, 0.92) |
| 7–8 | −0.14*** | 0.86 (0.81, 0.91) |
| 9–10 | 0.01 | 1.01 (0.90, 1.14) |
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.