TABLE 4.

Clinical studies of ischemic stroke using traditional medicines and complementary medicines.

S.no	Category	Types of medicines	Study type	Outcome measured	Ref
1	Traditional Medicines	Herbal Medicine	Randomised Clinical Trial	Oral capsules of Tongxinluo improve the Neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects	Dong et al. (2024)
2	Complementary medicines	Acupuncture	Multicenter single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Eight hundred sixty-two hospitalized patients	Wider use of acupuncture following a stroke could have a significant positive impact on health if the above prospective advantages are verified	Zhang et al. (2015)
3	Traditional Medicines	Traditional Chinese Medicines	Randomised Clinical Trial	The enhancement of hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes demonstrates WDD in this study. WDD-induced Qi-Energy may keep the blood in the cerebral arteries, halting the bleeding and stabilizing the atherosclerotic plaques	Xu et al. (2015)
4	Traditional Medicines	Herbal medicines	Randomised Placebo-controlled clinical study	This study offers proof that Di-Huang-yin-zi DHYZ may be in the ischemic region’s blood flow enhancement, anti-apoptotic, and anti-free radical mechanisms. This study will offer valuable insights into the potential efficacy of DHYZ as a patient adjuvant therapy	Yu et al. (2015)
5	Complementary medicines	Yoga	A Non-Inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial conducted using 36 patients	Yoga is beneficial in enhancing chronic post-stroke patients’ physical capabilities and mental health	Lenoir dit et al. (2024)
6	Complementary medicines	Yoga	A Pilot Controlled Study	Patients with chronic stroke may benefit from yoga’s ability to strengthen hand grips and lower blood pressure when combined with therapy. Age and sex may also have an impact on rehabilitation outcomes	Lai et al. (2023)
7	Traditional medicines	Ayurveda	A prospective study	Self-selected patients who were 1-month post-stroke reported that they tolerated Ayurvedic massage well. These self-selected patients had improved their standing and discharge mobility more quickly	Sankaran et al. (2019)
8	Complementary medicine	Aromatherapy	Randomised clinical trial study using 70 patients	In addition to lowering malondialdehyde and raising antioxidant levels, the use of lavender 10% essential oil helped patients with ischemic stroke symptoms such as confusion, speech difficulties, and muscle weakness	Salehi et al. (2019)
9	Traditional medicine	Traditional Chinese medicine	Randomized Clinical Trial	Xuesaitong soft capsules raised the chance of functional independence at 3 months in ischemic stroke patients in this randomized clinical trial, suggesting that this could be a safe and efficient alternative treatment to enhance prognosis in this population	Wu et al. (2023)
10	Traditional medicine	Herbal medicines	Randomized clinical trial Over the course of the 4-day investigation, the control group received standard stroke care, whereas the saffron group received standard care along with a 400 mg/day (200 mg twice day) saffron capsule	Saffron significantly reduced oxidative stress markers and improved antioxidant levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke. It also led to reduction in stroke severity after 4 days. The improvements were correlated with higher GSH and TAC levels and lower MDA levels. These findings suggest saffron extract may be a promising therapeutic option for ischemic stroke recovery	Gudarzi et al. (2022)
11	Complementary medicine	Physical exercise	A randomized controlled trial	The study findings demonstrate that, compared to standard care, a 1-year exercise intervention gradually enhanced executive functioning. The medical providers to consider incorporating exercise and physical activity into the conventional secondary stroke prevention treatment for individuals with or small stroke	Deijle et al. (2024)
12	Complementary medicines	Acupuncture	Randomized Controlled Trial (n = 162)	In the subacute stage of an ischemic stroke, acupuncture seems to be safe. The health benefits of using the medication more widely could be significant if the possible advantages seen are validated in larger research in the future	Zhang et al. (2015)