3. Atherogenic Lipid Indices Should Be Used for Comprehensive Cardiovascular Disease Screening,
| parameter | group A (healthy) | group B (nondiabetic CVD) | group C (diabetic CVD) | p-value | correlation with homocysteine (r, p-value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| non-HDL (mmol/L) | 3.81 ± 0.45 | 3.13 ± 0.59 | 4.52 ± 0.72 | <0.001 | Group C: 0.41 (0.012) |
| TC/HDL ratio | 4.37 ± 1.1 | 2.18 ± 0.8 | 4.32 ± 1.2 | 0.001 | NS (p > 0.05) |
| TG/HDL ratio | 1.34 ± 0.6 | 0.79 ± 0.4 | 1.76 ± 0.9 | 0.02 | NS (p > 0.05) |
| LDL/HDL ratio | 2.45 ± 0.5 | 1.19 ± 0.3 | 2.29 ± 0.7 | 0.003 | NS (p > 0.05) |
Values shown as mean ± SD. The researchers used one-way ANOVA with a Tukey post-hoc test for group analysis. The results showed diabetic cardiac patients had non-HDL cholesterol levels above the 4.0 mmol/L threshold (p < 0.001) when compared to other groups, while Group C had a moderate positive link between homocysteine and non-HDL cholesterol values (r = 0.41, p = 0.012). Non-HDL represents all atherogenic lipoproteins and is calculated as Total cholesterol minus HDL, while TC/HDL indicates the atherogenic index, which should be below 4.0, and TG/HDL displays insulin resistance by comparing triglycerides to HDL, and LDL/HDL should also remain below 2.5. NS = not statistically significant (p ≥ 0.05).
Where, non-HDL = total cholesterol – high-density lipoprotein (HDL), TC/HDL = total cholesterol to HDL ratio, TG/HDL = triglycerides to HDL ratio, LDL/HDL = low-density lipoprotein to HDL ratio, correlations: Pearson’s *r* (normally distributed data). Bold values: significant and NS = not significant (*p* ≥ 0.05).