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. 2025 May 27;27:2275–2287. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2025.05.035

Table 3.

The change in fecal short-chain fatty acids (fSCFAs) after the intervention was expressed as ratios to total SCFAs or raw values.

V1 PRO (median (IQR)) V2 PRO
(median (IQR))
∆ PRO (median (IQR)) V1 PLC
(median (IQR))
V2 PLC
(median (IQR))
∆ PLC (median (IQR)) p ∆ Difference of median (Δ PRO- Δ PLC) (median [95 % CI]) Wilcoxon effect size (r)
Ratio (%)
Isovaleric acid (C5i) * 0 (0–1.91) 0.05 (0–0.65) 0 (−0.85–0) 0.14 (0–1.47) 0 (0–0.82) 0 (−0.76–0) .853 0 [−0.12; 0] 0.02
Acetic acid (C2) 66.4 (60.9–75.4) 66.0 (62.3–77.2) −0.91 (−8.92–6.81) 66.0 (63.9–71.8) 69.2 (65.3–75.1) 4.82 (−4.88–8.61) .240 −5.73 [−2.6; 5.4] 0.15
Propionic acid (C3) 0.47 (0–1.91) 0.65 (0.2–1.28) 0 (−0.32–0.31) 0.77 (0.33–1.49) 0.61 (0.12–1.34) −0.02 (−0.71–0.23) .553 0.02 [−0.27; 0.17] 0.08
Butyric acid (C4n) 13.4 (9.32–17) 13.7 (9.81–18.3) 2.08 (−3.55–8.62) 12.8 (8.46–16.1) 12.1 (8.83–15.6) 1.47 (−4.89–4.25) .331 0.61 [−3.1; 3.3] 0.13
Isobutyric acid (C4i) 14.4 (12.5–17.9) 14.7 (11.5–18.3) −0.47 (−2.7–2.87) 16.9 (13.6–21.2) 16.3 (11.7–18.7) −0.02 (−5.21–1.82) .433 −0.45 [−2.5; 0.62] 0.1
Valeric acid (C5n) 0 (0–0.02) 0 (0–0.57) 0 (0–0.13) 0 (0−0) 0 (0–0.01) 0 (0; 0) .412 0 [0; 0] 0.1
Raw values (mM)
Total 4.03 (3.38–6.79) 4.66 (3.01–7.28) 0.47 (−1.59–2.66) 4.54 (3.35–6.98) 4.33 (2.63–6.11) −0.37 (−2.26–0.82) .513 0.84 [−0.83; 0.82] 0.09
Isovaleric acid (C5i) 0 (0–0.1) 0.003 (0–0.05) 0 (−0.007–0.04) 0.01 (0–0.07) 0 (0–0.05) 0 (−0.05–0) .150 0 [0; 0] 0.19
Acetic acid (C2) 2.9 (2.21–4.73) 3.27 (1.98–4.41) 0.33 (−1.1–1.32) 3 (2.27–4.25) 2.9 (1.97–4.05) −0.26 (−1.2–0.82) .551 0.59 [−0.8; 0.69] 0.08
Propionic acid (C3) 0.02 (0–0.08) 0.04 (0.005–0.08) 0.003 (−0.01–0.05) 0.04 (0.02–0.08) 0.03 (0.008–0.06) −0.0005 (−0.03–0.01) .088 0.0035 [−0.0095; 0.0092] 0.22
Butyric acid (C4n) 0.64 (0.27–1.21) 0.69 (0.27–1.36) 0.1 (−0.49–0.31) 0.41 (0.31–0.83) 0.51 (0.25–0.93) 0.01 (−0.37–0.25) .580 0.09 [−0.12; 0.19] 0.07
Isobutyric acid (C4i) 0.64 (0.49–1.21) 0.72 (0.39–1.2) −0.08 (−0.19–0.32) 0.82 (0.53–1.04) 0.77 (0.39–1.02) −0.05 (−0.49–0.17) .532 −0.03 [−0.17; 0.12] 0.08
Valeric acid (C5n) 0 (0–0.0009) 0 (0–0.05) 0 (0–0.01) 0 (0−0) 0 (0–0.0008) 0 (0−0) .540 0 [0; 0] 0.08

Legend: * - primary outcome measure.