. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Jun 13.

Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023 Mar 17;20(8):487–503. doi: 10.1038/s41575-023-00754-7

Table 3.

Summary of treatment outcomes reported for patients with early-stage or intermediate-stage HCC, stratified by NASH aetiology

Treatment	n	Outcomes in patients with NASH versus other aetiologies
Surgical resection¹⁷²	7,226	Meta-analysis: improved disease-free survival (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.70–0.94) and overall survival (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.67–0.90)
Liver transplantation^174,175	41,289 68,950	UNOS database: higher post-transplant survival (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.63–0.77) and lower graft failure (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.69–0.83) European Liver Transplant Registry: no significant difference in post-transplant survival (HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.97–1.24) or graft survival (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.90–1.15)
Local ablation¹⁶⁷	17,664	SEER-Medicare database: similar overall survival (median 1.3 years (range 0–6.9) for NAFLD-HCC versus HBV-HCC (2.0 years, 0–5.9), HCV-HCC (1.6 years, 0–6.0) and ALD-HCC (1.2 years, 0–6.3))
Transarterial chemoembolization¹⁸²	220	Propensity score-matched analysis: similar time-to-progression (13.0 versus 8.5 months; P = 0.25) and overall survival (23.2 versus 28.0 months; P = 0.48)
Transarterial radioembolization¹⁸³	149	Retrospective cohort study: no significant difference in overall survival or toxicity

ALD, alcohol-associated liver disease; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; SEER, The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results; UNOS, United Network for Organ Sharing.