Table 3.
Mean GCS, EORTC QLQ-C30, and QLQ-EN24 scores by LLL and non-LLL groups
| Variables | Total sample (N = 105) |
LLL (n = 41) |
Non-LLL (n = 64) |
Comparison between groups |
Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | p a | d | |
| GCS scores | 11.00 (7.32) | 14.10 (7.80) | 9.02 (6.30) | 0.00 | 0.73 |
| Anxiety | 3.16 (2.91) | 3.93 (2.82) | 2.67 (2.88) | 0.03 | 0.44 |
| Depression | 2.30 (1.95) | 2.78 (2.17) | 1.98 (1.73) | 0.04 | 0.42 |
| Somatic (physical) symptoms | 3.37 (2.81) | 4.63 (3.40) | 2.56 (2.01) | 0.00 | 0.78 |
| Vasomotor symptoms | 0.69 (1.18) | 1.10 (1.50) | 0.42 (0.83) | 0.01 | 0.60 |
| Sexual dysfunction | 1.49 (1.28) | 1.66 (1.24) | 1.38 (1.30) | 0.27 | 0.22 |
| EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire scores | |||||
| Global health status/QoL | |||||
| Global health status | 70.63 (20.02) | 66.26 (24.29) | 73.44 (16.33) | 0.10 | –0.36 |
| Functional subscales | |||||
| Physical functioning | 92.70 (9.72) | 87.15 (11.68) | 96.25 (6.04) | 0.00 | –1.05 |
| Role functioning | 97.30 (10.87) | 93.09 (16.66) | 100 (0.00) | 0.01 | –0.41 |
| Emotional functioning | 87.94 (13.53) | 83.13 (14.73) | 91.02 (11.81) | 0.01 | –0.61 |
| Cognitive functioning | 83.33 (17.45) | 77.64 (21.61) | 86.98 (13.10) | 0.02 | –0.55 |
| Social functioning | 94.13 (12.01) | 91.06 (13.99) | 96.09 (10.18) | 0.05 | –0.43 |
| Symptom subscales | |||||
| Fatigue | 18.31 (18.10) | 26.56 (21.36) | 13.02 (13.36) | 0.00 | 0.80 |
| Nausea and vomiting | 3.33 (9.36) | 4.47 (11.80) | 2.60 (7.41) | 0.32 | 0.20 |
| Pain | 13.17 (16.94) | 22.36 (19.94) | 7.29 (11.45) | 0.00 | 0.98 |
| Dyspnea | 6.03 (13.69) | 9.76 (17.07) | 3.65 (10.49) | 0.04 | 0.45 |
| Insomnia | 23.17 (24.51) | 26.02 (27.40) | 21.35 (22.51) | 0.34 | 0.19 |
| Appetite loss | 4.76 (11.72) | 6.50 (13.37) | 3.65 (10.49) | 0.25 | 0.24 |
| Constipation | 9.84 (18.45) | 11.38 (21.87) | 8.85 (15.98) | 0.50 | 0.14 |
| Diarrhea | 11.43 (19.52) | 10.57 (15.70) | 11.98 (21.71) | 0.72 | –0.07 |
| Financial difficulties | 4.44 (11.39) | 8.94 (14.95) | 1.56 (7.10) | 0.01 | 0.68 |
| QLQ-EN24 questionnaire scores | |||||
| Functional subscales | |||||
| Sexual interest | 14.29 (18.98) | 14.63 (18.33) | 14.06 (19.52) | 0.88 | 0.03 |
| Sexual activity | 13.33 (18.83) | 10.57 (15.70) | 15.10 (20.51) | 0.20 | –0.24 |
| Sexual enjoyment | 38.74 (25.48)b | 42.86 (27.51)c | 36.23 (24.44)d | 0.45 | 0.26 |
| Symptom subscales | |||||
| Lymphoedema | 11.27 (17.22) | 21.54 (19.81) | 4.69 (11.30) | 0.00 | 1.11 |
| Urological symptoms | 9.44 (12.40) | 13.01 (14.32) | 7.16 (10.49) | 0.03 | 0.48 |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms | 8.70 (10.22) | 11.38 (12.31) | 6.98 (8.27) | 0.05 | 0.44 |
| Body image problems | 7.62 (20.02) | 14.63 (25.87) | 3.13 (13.57) | 0.01 | 0.60 |
| Back/pelvic pain | 19.37 (25.23) | 30.08 (27.69) | 12.50 (21.00) | 0.00 | 0.74 |
| Tingling/numbness | 20.32 (24.68) | 29.27 (27.08) | 14.58 (21.31) | 0.00 | 0.62 |
| Muscular/joint pain | 25.71 (26.66) | 42.28 (26.90) | 15.10 (20.51) | 0.00 | 1.17 |
| Hair loss | 16.83 (24.95) | 24.39 (27.91) | 11.98 (21.71) | 0.01 | 0.51 |
| Taste change | 3.49 (11.25) | 5.69 (14.72) | 2.08 (8.13) | 0.16 | 0.32 |
| Sexual/vaginal problems | 32.73 (24.70)b | 34.92 (35.10)c | 31.40 (16.29)d | 0.73 | 0.14 |
SD standard deviation, LLL lower limb lymphedema, GCS Greene Climacteric Scale, EORTC QLQ-C30 European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30, QLQ-EN24 Quality of Life Questionnaire-Endometrial Cancer Module
a Independent-sample t-tests, bn = 37, cn = 14, dn = 23