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. 2025 May 30;12:e59558. doi: 10.2196/59558

Table 3.

A summary of themes, subthemes, and codes for requirement elicitation.

Themes and subthemes Codes extracted from quotations
Functional requirements

Contextual adaptability Adaptable solution tailored to different settings

Comprehensive data integration Data type (eg, EEGa, motions, movements, sleep, and video)

Alerting and detection efficiency Alarm, alerting mechanism, and seizure detection

Differential diagnostics Differential diagnosis, epileptic seizures, and nonepileptic events

Evolutionary data collection Seizure phenotyping, treatment, diagnosis, and diagnostic precision

Quality of data recording Quality, data recording, capturing, and video recording

Remote monitoring and technological integration Home monitoring, remote monitoring, and wearables

User compliance and system effectiveness Prolonged seizures, night, alarm, and caregivers

Quality and usability concerns Ease of use, wearable device, user friendly, brain monitoring, and high-quality

Use of wearables and devices Good quality, wearable device, clinical setting, and continuous monitoring

Continuous monitoring Continuous EEG monitoring, uninterrupted patient monitoring, adult, and children

Alarm for seizure detection Health care professionals, alarms, responsive monitoring systems, and nonconvulsive seizures

Age-specific considerations Adults, children, age group, and features

Target demographic Differing physiological and developmental needs, adults, children, specific age, and design

Usability and user friendly Noninvasive, easy to use, user friendly, home care routines, simplicity, and intuitive design

Technical specifications Sensitivity, specificity, customization, and tonic-clonic seizures

Information delivery Inform, seizures, and communication

Innovation and development Innovative, artificial intelligence, and predictive analytics
Nonfunctional requirements

Types of seizures Duration, nonepileptic, epileptic, nonconvulsive seizures, and tonic-clonic seizures

EEG importance EEG, vital, and seizure

Seizure phenotypes Types, variety, seizure, symptom, and abnormal

Duration of seizures Duration and seizure

Materials and contents for training and support Training, educational materials, on the web, in person, documentation, and digital content
Regulatory and compliance needs and data management and security

Access and storing of data Complexity, sensitivity, handling patient data, storing, and access

GDPRb compliance GDPR, regulations, and storage

Ethical issues Ethical considerations and authorized personnel

Standardization and legal issues Lack of standardization and regulatory frameworks

Case study—Nelli system Nelli system, developed by Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital
Usability and design

Size and aesthetic considerations for patient devices Device size, patient movement, younger patients, customizable elements, colorful caps, children, less intimidating, user friendly, and hiding

Designing for demographics and user-centered design in medical devices Children, tailored design, personalized medical devices, patient’s age, user-centered design, and physical psychological needs
Cost and accessibility

Cost of implementation by hospital Accessibility, affordable services, and brand-new hospital

Cost of services by insurance Insurance and services

All public and private hospitals Public and private

Rural areas Remote and rural areas

aEEG: electroencephalography.

bGDPR: General Data Protection Regulation.