Table 2.
Cross-Sectional Effects of Social Connectedness and Perceived Social Support on Current Suicidal Ideation at Baseline
| Model Series 1: Social Health Measure = Social Connectedness |
Model Series 2: Social Health Measure = Perceived Social Support |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1-1 |
Model 1-2 |
Model 1-3 |
Model 2-1 |
Model 2-2 |
Model 2–3 |
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| Ideation Presence | Ideation Severity | Ideation Presence | Ideation Severity | Ideation Presence | Ideation Severity | Ideation Presence | Ideation Severity | Ideation Presence | Ideation Severity | Ideation Presence | Ideation Severity | |
| Social Health Measurea | 0.896∗ (0.051) | 0.973 (0.017) | 0.899∗ (0.052) | 0.97 (0.017) | 0.877∗∗ (0.056) | 0.971 (0.017) | 0.811∗∗ (0.074) | 0.977 (0.02) | 0.833∗∗ (0.074) | 0.977 (0.02) | 0.812∗∗ (0.08) | 0.975 (0.02) |
| Age | 0.98 (0.017) | 0.999 (0.006) | 0.99 (0.018) | 1.003 (0.006) | 0.988 (0.018) | 1.003 (0.006) | 0.99 (0.017) | 1 (0.006) | 0.998 (0.018) | 1.004 (0.006) | 0.996 (0.018) | 1.003 (0.006) |
| Sex, Male vs. Female | 0.946 (0.283) | 1.122 (0.104) | 0.99 (0.276) | 1.147 (0.105) | 0.931 (0.297) | 1.148 (0.106) | 0.903 (0.301) | 1.11 (0.104) | 0.938 (0.259) | 1.128 (0.105) | 0.922 (0.302) | 1.106 (0.103) |
| Depression Severity | – | – | 1.091∗∗ (0.026) | 1.017∗ (0.008) | 1.101∗∗∗ (0.026) | 1.018∗∗ (0.009) | – | – | 1.083∗∗ (0.026) | 1.016 (0.009) | 1.094∗∗ (0.028) | 1.017∗ (0.009) |
| Physical Illness | – | – | 0.991 (0.032) | 0.983 (0.01) | 0.998 (0.033) | 0.981 (0.011) | – | – | 0.994 (0.032) | 0.985 (0.01) | 1.005 (0.033) | 0.983 (0.01) |
| Social Health Measurea × Depression Severity | – | – | – | – | 0.984 (0.01) | 1.001 (0.003) | – | – | – | – | 0.983 (0.014) | 1.004 (0.004) |
| Social Health Measurea × Physical Illness | – | – | – | – | 0.988 (0.011) | 0.998 (0.004) | – | – | – | – | 0.988 (0.015) | 0.993 (0.005) |
Estimates are presented as OR (SE) for ideation presence (zero inflation part) and RR (SE) for ideation severity and are coded such that ORs and RRs <1 indicate protective effects. For each social health measure, a series of 3 zero-inflated negative binomial models are presented (1-1 to 1-3 for social connectedness and 2-1 to 2-3 for perceived social support) predicting current suicidal ideation presence and severity at baseline. The threshold for significance is set to p < .01. Both series of 3 models correspond to progressive model results with health-related risk factors entered second and interactions between health-related risk factors and social health measures entered last.
∗p < .05 (nominal effect), ∗∗p < .01 (significant effect), ∗∗∗p < .001 (significant effect).
OR, odds ratio; RR, rate ratio.
Social health measure corresponds to social connectedness in models 1-1 to 1-3 and to perceived social support in models 2-1 to 2-3.