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. 2025 Apr 21;5(4):100513. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100513

Table 4.

Prediction of Current Suicidal Ideation by Social Connectedness and Perceived Social Support Post 3 Months

Model Series 1: Social Health Measure = Social Connectedness
Model Series 2: Social Health Measure = Perceived Social Support
Model 1-1
Model 1-2
Model 1-3
Model 2-1
Model 2-2
Model 2–3
Ideation Presence Ideation Severity Ideation Presence Ideation Severity Ideation Presence Ideation Severity Ideation Presence Ideation Severity Ideation Presence Ideation Severity Ideation Presence Ideation Severity
Time in Days, Log-Transformed 0.826 (0.285) 0.915 (0.889) 0.733 (0.408) 0.935 (0.069) 0.47 (0.889) 0.931 (0.068) 0.807 (0.31) 0.918 (0.069) 0.38∗ (1.089) 0.938 (0.068) 0.554 (0.731) 0.912 (0.068)
Social Health Measurea 0.763∗∗∗ (0.097) 0.84∗∗ (0.053) 0.767∗∗ (0.114) 0.836∗∗ (0.054) 0.446 (1.914) 0.813∗∗∗ (0.049) 0.923 (0.127) 0.641∗∗∗ (0.046) 1.242 (0.137) 0.642∗∗∗ (0.044) 1.367 (0.311) 0.664∗∗∗ (0.047)
Age 0.971 (0.026) 0.959 (0.022) 0.97 (0.03) 0.967 (0.022) 0.903 (0.064) 0.961 (0.021) 0.986 (0.027) 0.98 (0.021) 0.837∗∗ (0.074) 0.986 (0.02) 0.921 (0.064) 0.989 (0.021)
Sex, Male vs. Female 0.962 (0.453) 0.592 (0.199) 0.616 (0.906) 0.685 (0.231) 0.272 (3.577) 0.676 (0.222) 0.564 (0.737) 0.664 (0.211) 0.137∗∗ (5.635) 0.725 (0.221) 0.173 (7.488) 0.679 (0.212)
Depression Severity – – 0.952 (0.056) 1.089∗∗ (0.035) 0.891 (0.168) 1.093∗∗∗ (0.035) – – 0.784∗∗∗ (0.094) 1.058 (0.031) 0.740∗ (0.199) 1.068∗ (0.033)
Physical Illness – – 1.189 (0.12) 0.98 (0.038) 5.055∗∗∗ (0.108) 0.948 (0.038) – – 4.532∗∗∗ (0.091) 0.963 (0.034) 1.982 (0.177) 0.976 (0.036)
Social Health Measurea × Depression Severity – – – – 0.966 (0.046) 0.997 (0.011) – – – – 1.012 (0.039) 0.997 (0.015)
Social Health Measurea × Physical Illness – – – – 0.9 (0.15) 0.979 (0.013) – – – – 1.224∗ (0.08) 0.992 (0.018)

Estimates are presented as OR (SE) for ideation presence (zero inflation part) and RR (SE) for ideation severity and are coded such that ORs and RRs <1 indicate protective effects. For each social health measure, a series of 3 zero-inflated negative binomial models are presented (1-1 to 1-3 for social connectedness and 2-1 to 2-3 for perceived social support) predicting prospective current suicidal ideation presence and severity since the last assessment. The threshold for significance is set to p < .01. Both series of 3 models correspond to progressive model results with health-related risk factors entered second and interactions between health-related risk factors and social health measures entered last.

∗p < .05 (nominal effect), ∗∗p < .01 (significant effect), ∗∗∗p < .001 (significant effect).

OR, odds ratio; RR, rate ratio.

a

Social health measure corresponds to social connectedness in models 1-1 to 1-3 and to perceived social support in models 2-1 to 2-3.