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. 2025 May 17;32:101878. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101878

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

pH-dependent uptake and cytotoxicity of mPEG-CDM-GsEVs-DOX in vitro. (a) Representative fluorescence images of GL261 cells treated with free DOX, GsEVs-DOX, and mPEG-CDM-GsEVs-DOX under pH 7.4 and pH 6.0 conditions. DOX (green); DAPI (blue). Scale bar: 10 μm. (b) Statistical analysis of DOX fluorescence intensity from (a). (c) Representative flow cytometry scatter plots of Annexin V-FITC and PI staining for apoptosis in HFF-1 cells (pH 7.4) and GL261 cells (pH 6.0) treated with control, free DOX, GsEVs-DOX, and mPEG-CDM-GsEVs-DOX for 24 h. (d) Statistical analysis of apoptosis rates from (c). (e) Statistical analysis of cell survival rates evaluated by CCK-8 assay in HFF-1 cells (pH 7.4) and GL261 cells (pH 6.0) treated with control, free DOX, GsEVs-DOX, and mPEG-CDM-GsEVs-DOX. Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 5). ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ns, not significant. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)