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. 2025 May 17;32:101878. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101878

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

pH-dependent effects of mPEG-CDM-IsEVs on bEnd.3 migration and proliferation. (a) Representative images from wound healing assays showing bEnd.3 cell migration treated with PBS, IsEVs, or mPEG-CDM-IsEVs under pH 7.4 and pH 6.0 conditions. (b) Statistical analysis of migration area from (a). (c) Representative images from transwell migration assays showing bEnd.3 cell migration under pH 7.4 and pH 6.0 after treatment with PBS, IsEVs, or mPEG-CDM-IsEVs. Scale bar: 50 μm. (d) Statistical analysis of migrated cells from (c). (e) Representative EdU staining images of bEnd.3 cells treated with PBS, IsEVs, or mPEG-CDM-IsEVs under pH 7.4 and pH 6.0 for 2 h. EdU-positive cells (green); DAPI-stained nuclei (blue). Scale bar: 10 μm. (f) Statistical analysis of EdU-positive cells from (e). (g) Representative tube formation images of bEnd.3 cells treated with PBS, IsEVs, or mPEG-CDM-IsEVs under pH 7.4 and pH 6.0 conditions. Cells were cultured on Matrigel-coated wells for 6 h, and tube-like structures were visualized under a light microscope. Scale bar: 50 μm. (h) Statistical analysis of total tube length from (g). Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 5). ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ns, not significant. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)