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. 2025 Jun 14;24:254. doi: 10.1186/s12933-025-02784-8

Table 2.

Associations of different levels of AIP and its modified indices with incident stroke

Variable Total (n.) Event (%) Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 P value FDR
OR (95% CI) P value OR (95% CI) P value OR (95% CI) P value
AIP2012
AIP2012 3697 176 (4.8) 2.33 (1.55–3.51)  < 0.001 2.59 (1.71–3.94)  < 0.001 2.69 (1.57–4.61)  < 0.001 0.001
Tertile 1 [− 0.501, 0.176) 1232 42 (3.4) 1(Ref) 1(Ref) 1(Ref)
Tertile 2 [0.176, 0.460) 1232 61 (5) 1.48 (0.99–2.20) 0.057 1.51 (1.01–2.26) 0.047 1.40 (0.93–2.11) 0.111 0.133
Tertile 3 [0.460, 2.122] 1233 73 (5.9) 1.78 (1.21–2.63) 0.003 1.89 (1.27–2.8) 0.002 1.58 (1.05–2.38) 0.029 0.046
P for Trend 0.004 0.002 0.030
AIP-WHtR2012
AIP-WHtR2012 3697 176 (4.8) 4.99 (2.51–9.89)  < 0.001 5.94 (2.94–12)  < 0.001 6.55 (2.61–16.41)  < 0.001 0.001
Tertile 1 [− 0.304, 0.090) 1232 37 (3) 1(Ref) 1(Ref) 1(Ref)
Tertile 2 [0.090, 0.248) 1232 59 (4.8) 1.62 (1.07–2.47) 0.023 1.67 (1.09–2.55) 0.017 1.57 (1.02–2.41) 0.038 0.052
Tertile 3 [0.248, 1.227] 1233 80 (6.5) 2.24 (1.51–3.34)  < 0.001 2.37 (1.58–3.56)  < 0.001 1.99 (1.31–3.02) 0.001 0.003
P for Trend  < 0.001  < 0.001 0.001
AIP-WC2012
AIP-WC2012 3697 176 (4.8) 1.01 (1.01–1.01)  < 0.001 1.01 (1.01–1.02)  < 0.001 1.01 (1.01–1.02)  < 0.001 0.001
Tertile 1 [− 43.157, 14.136] 1232 37 (3) 1(Ref) 1(Ref) 1(Ref)
Tertile 2 [14.238, 38.842] 1232 60 (4.9) 1.65 (1.09–2.51) 0.018 1.69 (1.11–2.58) 0.014 1.58 (1.03–2.42) 0.037 0.052
Tertile 3 [38.885, 212.217] 1233 79 (6.4) 2.21 (1.48–3.29)  < 0.001 2.35 (1.57–3.53)  < 0.001 1.99 (1.31–3.02) 0.001 0.003
P for Trend  < 0.001  < 0.001 0.001
AIP-BMI2012
AIP-BMI2012 3697 176 (4.8) 1.03 (1.02–1.05)  < 0.001 1.04 (1.02–1.06)  < 0.001 1.04 (1.02–1.06)  < 0.001 0.001
Tertile 1 [− 11.826, 3.988] 1232 38 (3.1) 1(Ref) 1(Ref) 1(Ref)
Tertile 2 [4.002, 11.009] 1232 61 (5) 1.64 (1.08–2.47) 0.019 1.68 (1.11–2.55) 0.015 1.56 (1.02–2.38) 0.039 0.052
Tertile 3 [11.014, 61.157] 1233 77 (6.2) 2.09 (1.41–3.11)  < 0.001 2.28 (1.52–3.42)  < 0.001 1.92 (1.26–2.92) 0.002 0.005
P for Trend  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001
Cumulative-AIP
Cumulative-AIP 3697 176 (4.8) 1.47 (1.24–1.74)  < 0.001 1.54 (1.3–1.84)  < 0.001 1.51 (1.23–1.86)  < 0.001 0.001
Tertile 1 [− 1.194, 0.644] 1232 41 (3.3) 1(Ref) 1(Ref) 1(Ref)
Tertile 2 [0.645, 1.366] 1232 56 (4.5) 1.38 (0.92–2.09) 0.122 1.43 (0.94–2.16) 0.092 1.32 (0.87–2.01) 0.195 0.203
Tertile 3 [1.367, 4.745] 1233 79 (6.4) 1.99 (1.35–2.92)  < 0.001 2.14 (1.44–3.17)  < 0.001 1.79 (1.19–2.69) 0.005 0.011
P for Trend  < 0.001  < 0.001 0.005
Cumulative AIP-WHtR
Cumulative AIP-WHtR 3697 176 (4.8) 2.02 (1.53–2.67)  < 0.001 2.21 (1.66–2.94)  < 0.001 2.13 (1.51–3.00)  < 0.001 0.001
Tertile 1 [− 0.561, 0.334) 1232 39 (3.2) 1(Ref) 1(Ref) 1(Ref)
Tertile 2 [0.334, 0.748) 1232 52 (4.2) 1.35 (0.88–2.06) 0.166 1.4 (0.91–2.14) 0.126 1.29 (0.84–1.99) 0.250 0.250
Tertile 3 [0.748, 2.796] 1233 85 (6.9) 2.26 (1.54–3.34)  < 0.001 2.48 (1.67–3.69)  < 0.001 2.07 (1.37–3.13) 0.001 0.003
P for Trend  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001
Cumulative AIP-WC
Cumulative AIP-WC 3697 176 (4.8) 1 (1–1.01)  < 0.001 1.01 (1–1.01)  < 0.001 1.01 (1.00–1.01)  < 0.001 0.001
Tertile 1 [− 87.375, 52.632] 1232 39 (3.2) 1(Ref) 1(Ref) 1(Ref)
Tertile 2 [52.677, 118.310] 1232 54 (4.4) 1.4 (0.92–2.13) 0.114 1.45 (0.95–2.22) 0.085 1.34 (0.87–2.06) 0.178 0.194
Tertile 3 [118.327, 472.453] 1233 83 (6.7) 2.21 (1.5–3.26)  < 0.001 2.41 (1.62–3.58)  < 0.001 2.01 (1.33–3.04) 0.001 0.003
P for Trend  < 0.001  < 0.001 0.001
Cumulative AIP-BMI
Cumulative AIP-BMI 3697 176 (4.8) 1.01 (1.01–1.02)  < 0.001 1.02 (1.01–1.02)  < 0.001 1.02 (1.01–1.02)  < 0.001 0.001
Tertile 1 [− 23.035, 14.622] 1232 40 (3.2) 1(Ref) 1(Ref) 1(Ref)
Tertile 2 [14.628, 33.145] 1232 56 (4.5) 1.42 (0.94–2.15) 0.097 1.5 (0.99–2.27) 0.058 1.38 (0.91–2.12) 0.133 0.152
Tertile 3 [33.164, 1229.961] 1233 80 (6.5) 2.07 (1.4–3.05)  < 0.001 2.32 (1.56–3.45)  < 0.001 1.92 (1.27–2.89) 0.002 0.005
P for Trend  < 0.001  < 0.001 0.002
Change in the AIP
Class 1 1345 44 (3.3) 1(Ref) 1(Ref) 1(Ref)
Class 2 1649 79 (4.8) 1.49 (1.02–2.17) 0.038 1.55 (1.06–2.28) 0.023 1.38 (0.94–2.04) 0.100 0.126
Class 3 703 53 (7.5) 2.41 (1.6–3.64)  < 0.001 2.68 (1.76–4.08)  < 0.001 2.28 (1.46–3.55)  < 0.001 0.003
P for Trend  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001
Change in the AIP-WHtR
Class 1 1588 50 (3.1) 1(Ref) 1(Ref) 1(Ref)
Class 2 1547 83 (5.4) 1.74 (1.22–2.49) 0.002 1.83 (1.27–2.63) 0.001 1.63 (1.13–2.36) 0.010 0.017
Class 3 562 43 (7.7) 2.55 (1.68–3.88)  < 0.001 2.87 (1.86–4.41)  < 0.001 2.39 (1.50–3.79)  < 0.001 0.003
P for Trend  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001
Change in the AIP-WC
Class 1 1624 51 (3.1) 1(Ref) 1(Ref) 1(Ref)
Class 2 1547 83 (5.4) 1.75 (1.22–2.5) 0.002 1.85 (1.29–2.66) 0.001 1.64 (1.14–2.37) 0.008 0.016
Class 3 526 42 (8) 2.68 (1.76–4.08)  < 0.001 3.01 (1.96–4.63)  < 0.001 2.56 (1.61–4.07)  < 0.001 0.003
P for Trend  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001
Change in the AIP-BMI
Class 1 1621 53 (3.3) 1(Ref) 1(Ref) 1(Ref)
Class 2 1527 84 (5.5) 1.72 (1.21–2.45) 0.002 1.84 (1.29–2.64) 0.001 1.62 (1.13–2.34) 0.009 0.017
Class 3 549 39 (7.1) 2.26 (1.48–3.46)  < 0.001 2.67 (1.72–4.13)  < 0.001 2.22 (1.38–3.56) 0.001 0.003
P for Trend  < 0.001  < 0.001  < 0.001

Model 1: no covariates were adjusted. Total data sample size 3697

Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, marital status, residence, educational level, drinking status, smoking status. Total data sample size equaled 3697, used sample size equaled 3696

Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, marital status, residence, educational level, drinking status, smoking status, SBP, DBP, TC2012, LDL2012, eGFR and diabetes. Total data sample size equaled 3697, used sample size equaled 3651

AIP atherogenic index of plasma; WHtR waist-to-height ratio; WC waist circumference; BMI body mass index; SBP systolic blood pressure; DBP diastolic blood pressure; TC total cholesterol; LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration ratio

*P value adjusted using the False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction. if P value < 0.001, we set the P value to 0.001 for FDR correction