Table 4.
Regression model results for effects of neighborhood disadvantage mean exposure and recency of exposure on reading and math scores with the residuals-based adjustment procedure
| Math | Reading | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child’s Age at Baseline | −1.435** (0.293) |
−1.355** (0.292) |
−0.815* (0.316) |
−0.755* (0.314) |
| Child Is Male (ref. = female) | 1.475 (1.429) |
1.640 (1.424) |
−1.637 (1.548) |
−1.485 (1.543) |
| Child’s Race: Black (ref. = Latino) | −1.414 (2.339) |
−1.093 (2.343) |
−0.031 (2.542) |
−0.249 (2.530) |
| Child’s Race: White or Other (ref. = Latino) | −2.316 (3.434) |
−2.110 (3.467) |
4.444 (3.749) |
4.446 (3.768) |
| Child Low Birth Weight (ref. = normal birth weight) | 0.663 (3.042) |
0.548 (3.037) |
2.513 (3.306) |
2.707 (3.290) |
| Mother’s Age at Child’s Birth | 0.119 (0.131) |
0.097 (0.130) |
0.245† (0.141) |
0.217 (0.141) |
| Mother Married at Child’s Birth (ref. = not married) | −0.276 (2.157) |
0.199 (2.140) |
0.869 (2.193) |
0.914 (2.175) |
| Mother’s Reading Achievement Score | 0.104* (0.052) |
0.096† (0.052) |
0.190** (0.057) |
0.180** (0.057) |
| Family Head Is High School Graduate (ref. = not high school graduate) | 3.481† (1.893) |
4.106* (1.907) |
8.503** (2.036) |
8.382** (2.051) |
| Family Owns Home (ref. = does not own) | 0.618 (1.683) |
−0.098 (1.715) |
−1.363 (1.833) |
−1.479 (1.836) |
| Baseline: Mother Was Married (ref. = not married) | 2.941 (2.079) |
2.930 (2.108) |
0.153 (2.209) |
0.380 (2.222) |
| Baseline: Mother’s Number of Children | −0.102 (0.805) |
0.246 (0.811) |
0.813 (0.875) |
0.815 (0.879) |
| Baseline: Mother Was Employed (ref. = not employed) | 1.012 (1.532) |
0.986 (1.592) |
0.403 (1.581) |
0.579 (1.595) |
| Baseline: Mother’s Hours of Work | 0.041 (0.056) |
0.036 (0.056) |
−0.031 (0.057) |
−0.035 (0.057) |
| Baseline: Receiving Public Assistance (ref. = no receipt) | 4.277 (3.709) |
4.589 (3.742) |
−1.441 (3.971) |
−0.950 (4.059) |
| Baseline: Family Income (log $) | −0.051 (0.278) |
−0.037 (0.283) |
0.025 (0.294) |
0.013 (0.296) |
| Constant | 96.359** (7.416) |
95.508** (7.450) |
85.562** (8.052) |
86.618** (7.977) |
†
p < .10
*
p < .05
**
p < .01