Table 2. Demographic characteristics and descriptive questionnaire measures in the early and late chronotype participants.
| Early chronotype | Late chronotype | Significance | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size (%) | 102 (51.78%) | 95 (48.22%) | |
| Demographics | |||
| Age, mean (SD; range) | 51.80 (14.10; 20–78) | 35.80 (14.40; 19–68) | p < 0.001 |
| Gender, number (%) | p < 0.05 | ||
| Male | 42 (41.18) | 55 (57.89) | |
| Female | 60 (58.82) | 40 (42.11) | |
| Testing time | |||
| Start testing time, number (%) | p < 0.01 | ||
| Morning testing (8:00–11:59) | 63 (31.98) | 38 (19.29) | |
| Evening testing (18:00–21:59) | 39 (19.80) | 57 (28.93) | |
| Psychiatric comorbidities | |||
| Current or past, number (%) | |||
| Any | 22 (21.60) | 40 (42.10) | p < 0.01 |
| Major depressive disorder | 4 (3.92) | 22 (23.16) | p < 0.001 |
| Generalized or social anxiety disorder | 18 (17.65) | 24 (25.26) | p = 0.258 |
| Current antidepressant use, number (%) | 9 (8.82) | 26 (27.40) | p < 0.1 |
| Psychiatric questionnaire measures | |||
| SHAPS, mean (SD; range) | 9.65 (6.38) | 11.80 (5.92) | p < 0.05 |
| DARS, mean (SD; range) | 54.00 (9.37) | 52.70 (9.39) | p = 0.322 |
| AES, mean (SD; range) | 56.00 (9.72) | 50.60 (10.10) | p < 0.001 |
| M.I.N.I., current MDD (%) | 3 (2.94) | 15 (15.79) | p < 0.01 |
Note. SES, subjective socioeconomic status; IQR, interquartile range; SHAPS, Snaith–Hamilton Pleasure Scale; DARS, Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale; AES, Apathy Evaluation Scale; M.I.N.I., Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview; MDD, major depressive disorder; MEQ, Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire; MCTQ, Munich Chronotype Questionnaire; BMI, body mass index; FINDRISC, Finish Diabeted Risc Score.