Table 3. Braid deformation patterns (F2B2): foreshortening, fish-mouthing, braid bump deformation, and braid collapse.
| Type | Definition | Location | Grading | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Foreshortening* | Movement on either or both ends of the FD towards the aneurysm neck of at least 5% | Proximal | Yes, no, cannot determine | Clearly visible compared with specific previous image, no semiquantitative estimate |
| Distal | |||||
| 2 | Fish-mouthing | Converging of focal FD end (cone shape) with more than 25% decrease of the outer FD diameter compared with expected continuation of FD shape | Proximal | None (<25%)†, 25%–50%, >50% of braid diameter, cannot determine | Involves just the proximal and/or distal tip |
| Distal | |||||
| 3 | Braid bump deformation | Braid bump or localized outward bulging of the FD mid-segment | Mid-segment (mid 50%) | Yes, no, cannot determine | Deformation exceeds proximal and/or distal braid diameter; should have dense rim |
| 4 | Braid collapse | Bottle-necked or cigar-shaped deformation diameter, decrease of >1/3 involving >1/3 of FD length | Either proximal or distal | Yes, no, cannot determine | Commonly noted, acutely requiring angioplasty or device removal; as opposed to fish-mouthing, involves a larger FD segment |
Foreshortening is reported by comparing any follow up-image compared with the final image of the index procedure. Elongation (which accompanies negative remodeling) or foreshortening ±5% of total length.
Fish-mouthing of <25% cannot be reliably detected in typical standard of practice images with their different angulations of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) acquisitions and vessel anatomies.
FD, flow diverter.