Table 2.
Lipid production by R. toruloides strains under varying culture conditions with different renewable carbon sources
| Micro-organism | Origin | Conditions | Lipid | Carbon source | Yield of lipids | Fermentor study | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R. toruloides CCT 0783 | Collection Centre Brazil |
Temperature: 30 °C Agitation: 200 rpm pH5.0, 6.0, and 7.0 |
Triacylglycerols (TAGs), Free fatty acids (FFAs) | Glycerol, acetic acid, xylose | 20 g/L | Lab scale bioreactors (MiniBio 1000 1.0 L), Fed-batch | [22] |
| R. toruloides AS 2.1389 | Obtained from the China MCCC |
Temperature:30 °C Agitation: 200 rpm pH: Not mentioned |
fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) | Glucose | 26 g/L | Flask scale (lab scale cultivation) | [122] |
| R. toruloides DMKU3-TK16 | Isolated from soil samples |
Temperature: 30 °C Agitation: Not mentioned pH: 6.0 |
Triacylglycerols (TAGs) | Glucose | 9.26 g/L | Lab scale using shake flask cultivation | [90] |
| R. toruloides Y4 | cornstalk hydrolysate |
Temperature: 30 °C Agitation: 200 rpm pH: 5.5 |
Triacylglycerols (TAGs), Free fatty acids (FFAs) | Glucose | 78.8 g/L | Lab scale using a 15-L bioreactor | [20] |
| R. toruloides (strains IFO0880 and IFO0559) | Obtained from the NBRC culture collection |
Temperature: 30 °C Agitation: 200 rpm pH: 6.0 |
Triacylglycerols (TAGs) | Glucose (70 g/L) and xylose (70 g/L) | 16.4 ± 1.1 g/L | Batch shake-flask experiments | [41] |
| R. toruloides Y4 | Cornstalk hydrolysate |
Temperature: 30 °C Agitation: 200 rpm pH: 6.0 |
Triacylglycerols (TAGs) | Glucose (70 g/L) | 0.21 g/L | Shake-flask cultures of 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks | [122] |
| R. toruloides strains DMKU3-TK16 and NP11 | DMKU3-TK16 (ATCC) |
Temperature: 30 °C Agitation:200 rpm pH: 6.0 |
Triacylglycerols (TAGs) | 7% glucose | 11.6 g/L | Shake flask cultures | [90] |
| R. toruloides Y4 | R. toruloides AS 2.1389 obtained from the China General MCCC |
Temperature: 30 °C Agitation: 200 rpm pH: 6.0 |
Triacylglycerols (TAGs) | Glucose | 10.3 g/L | Flask scale | [84] |
| R. toruloides CBS14 | Obtained from CBS (Centraal bureau voor Schimmelcultures) |
Temperature: 30 °C Agitation: 200 rpm pH: 5.5 |
Triacylglycerols (TAGs) | Glucose, xylose, arabinose | 25 g/L | Lab scale in 0.5 L bioreactors | [117] |
The table outlines strain origin, cultivation parameters, types of lipids produced, carbon substrates, lipid yields, fermentation scales