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. 2025 Jun 4;16:1538463. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1538463

Table 2.

Summary of GSEA analysis of the vitamin D regulated differentially expressed genes using the Gene sets:

Enriched# Duodenum Undifferentiated Type Signi * Duodenum Differentiated Type Signif
Vit D Xenobiotics/Phase I functionalization/Cytochrom P450 Reactome F Xenobiotics/Phase I functionalization/Cytochrom P450 C5, Reactome F
  Busslinger duodenal differentiating stem cells C8 F Busslinger duodenal mature enterocytes C8 F
  ILK target genes C8 F Glucuronidation Reactome F
  Oxidative phorphorylation/Mitochondrial large and small subunit C5 F TGF beta Receptor signaling to activate SMADS/Smad heterodimers Reactome F
  Eukaryotic translation initiation/elongation Reactome F Rho GTPases activate PKNS/Cycle Reactome F
  Ribosome biogenesis/Ribonuclear protein complex C5 F Cell extracell matrix interactions Reactome F
  Regulation of mitochondrial gene expression C5 F Ephrin signaling Reactome F
Control Gao Large intestine adult CH MKI67 high cells C8 F Gao Large intestine adult CH MKI67 high cells C8 F
  Gao Large intestine 24W C2 MKP67 pos progenitor C8   Gao Large intestine 24W C2 MKP67 pos progenitor C8 F
        Gao Small intestine 24W C3 enterocyte progenitor subtype 1 C8 F
Enriched Colon Undifferentiated Type Signif Colon Differentiated Type Signif
Vit D Bussinger Duodenal mature enterocytes C8 F Abnormality of Vitamin D metabolism C5 F
  GAO Large intestine 24W C1 DCLK1 Pos progenitor C8 F Xenobiotics/Phase I functionalization/Cytochrom P450 Reactome F
        Glucuronidation Reactome F
        Rho GTPases activate PKNS Reactome F
        Base excision repair Reactome F
Control Wnt protein binding C5 F GAO_Small intestine 24W C6 Goblet cells C8 F
  O linked glycosylation Reactome F      

# Vit D = pathways enriched in the 1,25(OH)2D-treated group; Control = pathways enriched in the vehicle group; * F = 10% FDR.