Table 3.

ML models combining multiple types of data for PAAD

Algorithm	Sample size	Data source	Result	Reference
MMF– both datasets AMIL– WSI SNN– molecular profile	166 cases	WSI Molecular profile	C index = 0.653 MMF C index = 0.580 AMIL C index = 0.593 SNN Survival AUC 0.701 MMF Survival AUC 0.594 AMIL Survival AUC 0.643 SNN	Chen et al. [49]

AMIL, Attention-based multiple-instance learning, AUC, Area under the curve, MMF, Deeplearning-based multimodal fusion, SNN, Self-normalizing network, WSI, Whole slide image