Table 3.
Average AUCa values (%) and SD for different methods for the HFb prediction, ADc prediction, and PLSd prediction downstream tasks on the test datasets.
| Model or dataset | HF prediction (MDCe) | AD prediction (MDC) | HF prediction (MIMIC-IVf) | PLS prediction (MIMIC-IV) |
| Logistic regression | 62.4 (1.1) | 56.4 (1.1) | 83.8 (1.1) | 54.2 (0.4) |
| Random forest | 60.7 (0.5) | 51.8 (0.3) | 78.6 (1.6) | 51.1 (0.3) |
| MLP | 67.9 (3.0) | 68.0 (1.5) | 86.0 (0.5) | 59.3 (1.9) |
| Bi-GRU | 62.3 (1.2) | 60.4 (1.1) | 85.0 (1.3) | 55.9 (1.0) |
| MLMg | 67.7 (2.6) | 69.5 (1.6) | 86.2 (0.9) | 60.2 (1.2) |
| MLM+TOOhRCSi | 65.1 (1.2) | 65.6 (0.7) | 88.1 (0.7) | 58.4 (0.9) |
| MLM+TOOCCSj | 64.6 (2.7) | 67.2 (1.3) | 89.8 (0.8) | 60.4 (1.2) |
| MLM+TOORVSk | 72.8 (3.1) | 70.4 (0.2) | 87.9 (1.7) | 57.3 (0.8) |
| MLM+TOOCVSl | 73.9 (1.9) | 71.9 (1.6) | 87.2 (1.8) | 58.8 (1.6) |
aAUC: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.
bHF: heart failure.
cAD: Alzheimer disease.
dPLS: prolonged length of stay.
eMDC: Malmo Diet and Cancer Cohort.
fMIMIC-IV: Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV.
fgLM: masked language modelling.
hTOO: trajectory-order objective.
iRCS: random code swapping.
jCCS: code swapping function.
jRVS: random visit swapping.
lCVS: conditional visit swapping.