Table 3.

Description of articles used for this meta-analysis.

No	Author	Location	Continents	NT	Strain	1Age	Sex	IL	outcomes
1	Viveros et al. (2011)	Spain	Europe	4	Cobb	1-21	Male	51-60	1, 2,3
2	Pop et al. (2015)	Romania	Europe	3	Cobb	1-40	Mixed	11-20	1,2,3
3	Lichovnikova et al. (2015)	C. Republic	Europe	2	Ross	10-35	Mixed	11-20	2,3
4	Chamorro et al. (2015)	Spain	Europe	3	Cobb	1-21	Male	>60	1,2,3,
5	Pascariu et al. (2017)	Romania	Europe	6	Cobb	1-40	Mixed	11-20	1,2,3
6	Aditya et al. (2018)	Korea	Asia	4	Ross	1-28	Male	1-10	1,2,3,4,5,6,7
7	Kumanda et al. (2019)	South Africa	Africa	5	Cobb	14-42	Mixed	>60	1,2,3,4,5,8,9,10,11,12,13,14
8	Haščík et al. (2020)	Slovika	Europe	4	Ross	1-42	Mixed	21-30	4,5,7,8,13, 14
9	Nardoia et al. (2020)	Spain	Europe	6	Cobb	1-21	Male	51-60	1,2,3
10	Reyes et al. (2020)	Chile	South America	3	Ross	1-42	Male	>60	1,2,3,9,10,11
11	Turcu et al. (2020)	Romania	Europe	5	Cobb	14-22	Mixed	51-60	1,2,3,9,10,11
12	Abd AL-Kafar Sarhan et al. (2021)	Iraq	Asia	5	Ross	1-35	Mixed	>60	1,2,3
13	Gungor et al. (2021)	Turkey	Europe	4	Ross	1-21	Male	11-20	1,2,3
14	Romero et al. (2021)	Spain	Europe	5	Cobb	1-21	Male	>60	1,2,3,
15	Mavrommatis et al. (2021)	Greece	Europe	4	Ross	1-42	Mixed	21-30	1,2,3
16	Erinle et al. (2022)	Italy	Europe	3	Cobb	1-42	Mixed	21-30	1,2,3,8
17	Pascual et al. (2022)	Italy	Europe	3	Ross	1-42	Mixed	1-10	1,2,3,4,8
18	Giamouri et al. (2022)	Greece	Europe	4	Ross	1-42	Mixed	21-30	1,2,3,4,5,6,9,10, 11
19	Mauro et al. (2023)	Italy	Europe	3	Ross	1-42	Mixed	51-60	2
20	Themma et al. (2023)	South Africa	Africa	4	Ross	1-42	Mixed	41-60	1,2,3,5,6,8,9,10,11, 12,13,14

NT = Number of treatments; C. Republic = Czech republic, IL = Inclusion level in g/kg, 1 = average daily feed intake, 2 = average daily gain, 3 = Feed conversion ratio, 4 = carcass yield, 5 = liver, 6 = spleen, 7 = heart, 8 = breast, 9 = = L*, 10 = a*, 11 = b*, 12 = gizzard, 13 = thigh, 14 = drumstick.

¹Age = in days.