Table 4.
Baseline characteristics of the training set and test set, n (%)/mean ± SD
|
Variables
|
Total (n = 200)
|
Training set (n = 140)
|
Test set (n = 60)
|
Statistic
|
P value
|
| Age (years) | 70.87 ± 7.77 | 70.93 ± 7.84 | 70.73 ± 7.66 | t = -0.16 | 0.871 |
| Male | 90 (45.00) | 65 (46.43) | 25 (41.67) | χ² = 0.38 | 0.535 |
| Smoking | 69 (34.50) | 46 (32.86) | 23 (38.33) | χ² = 0.56 | 0.455 |
| Drinking | 26 (13.07) | 20 (14.29) | 6 (10.17) | χ² = 0.62 | 0.431 |
| Hypertension | 155 (77.89) | 112 (80.58) | 43 (71.67) | χ² = 0.32 | 0.141 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 67 (33.50) | 51 (36.43) | 16 (26.67) | χ² = 1.80 | 0.180 |
| Stroke | 28 (14.00) | 21 (15.00) | 7 (11.67) | χ² = 0.39 | 0.534 |
| Hearing impairment | 4 (2.00) | 4 (2.86) | 0 (0.00) | χ² = 0.60 | 0.440 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 89 (44.50) | 65 (46.43) | 24 (40.00) | χ² = 0.70 | 0.402 |
| Hypertension | 155 (77.89) | 112 (80.58) | 43 (71.67) | χ²= 0.32 | 0.141 |
| Education level (years) | 10.02 ± 4.39 | 10.09 ± 4.35 | 9.85 ± 4.50 | t = -0.33 | 0.740 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.83 ± 3.66 | 25.85 ± 3.84 | 25.77 ± 3.22 | t = -0.24 | 0.513 |
| Mid-UAC (mm) | 27.20 ± 3.73 | 26.73 ± 3.73 | 28.26 ± 3.53 | t = 2.50 | 0.113 |
| 6MWT (m) | 6.45 ± 2.43 | 6.57 ± 2.35 | 6.18 ± 2.60 | t = -0.97 | 0.335 |
| Grip strength (kg) | 26.53 ± 13.73 | 26.44 ± 13.91 | 26.75 ± 13.44 | t = 0.13 | 0.893 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 7.99 ± 3.29 | 7.85 ± 3.26 | 8.31 ± 3.37 | t = 0.90 | 0.368 |
| HbA1C (%) | 8.19 ± 2.30 | 8.21 ± 2.34 | 8.17 ± 2.23 | t =-0.11 | 0.914 |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 4.78 ± 11.62 | 5.21 ± 12.89 | 3.72 ± 7.60 | t = -0.76 | 0.451 |
| β2-MG (mg/L) | 3.42 ± 1.63 | 3.48 ± 1.72 | 3.27 ± 1.37 | t = -0.77 | 0.440 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 6.59 ± 10.32 | 6.06 ± 9.51 | 7.93 ± 12.12 | t = 1.06 | 0.291 |
| TCH (mmol/L) | 4.24 ± 1.20 | 4.26 ± 1.30 | 4.21 ± 0.93 | t = -0.34 | 0.738 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.80 ± 1.67 | 1.86 ± 1.69 | 1.65 ± 1.63 | t = -0.84 | 0.403 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.35 ± 1.03 | 2.37 ± 1.07 | 2.30 ± 0.93 | t = -0.45 | 0.654 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.28 ± 0.48 | 1.27 ± 0.50 | 1.32 ± 0.41 | t = 0.64 | 0.524 |
| Mental work | 109 (60.56) | 76 (60.80) | 33 (60.00) | χ² = 0.01 | 0.919 |
| Residential region, urban | 159 (79.50) | 109 (77.86) | 50 (83.33) | χ² = 0.77 | 0.379 |
| MOCA-based cognitive impairment | 47 (23.50) | 32 (22.90) | 15 (25.00) | χ² = 0.61 | 0.413 |
| MNA-SF-based malnutrition | 26 (14.21) | 18 (14.29) | 8 (14.04) | χ2 = 0.00 | 0.964 |
| IADL-based disability | 80 (40.00) | 62 (44.29) | 18 (30.00) | χ² = 3.57 | 0.059 |
| FRAIL-based frailty phenotype | 26 (14.29) | 17 (13.71) | 9 (15.52) | χ² = 0.31 | 0.858 |
BMI: Body mass index; UAC: Upper arm circumference; 6MWT: 6-minute walk test; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; hsCRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein; β2-MG: β2-microglobulin; IL: Interleukin; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; TCH: Total cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MOCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MNA-SF: Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form; FRAIL: Fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illness, and loss of weight.