Table 5.
Comparison of risk in the training and test sets for cognitive decline
| Variable |
Training
|
Test
|
||||||||||
|
Univariate analysis
|
Multivariate analysis
|
Univariate analysis
|
Multivariate analysis
|
|||||||||
|
β
|
OR (95%CI)
|
P value
|
β
|
OR (95%CI)
|
P value
|
β
|
OR (95%CI)
|
P value
|
β
|
OR (95%CI)
|
P value
|
|
| Age | 0.062 | 1.063 (1.011-1.124) | 0.01 | 1.612 | 1.083 (1.012- 1.151) | 0.01 | 0.077 | 1.080 (0.990-1.167) | 0.05 | 0.161 | 1.175 (1.039-1.330) | 0.01 |
| Male | 0.169 | 1.245 (0.883-1.862) | 0.06 | 0.233 | 1.258 (0.901-1.983) |
0.23 | ||||||
| Education level | -0.042 | 0.959 (0.872-1.055) | 0.39 | -0.114 | 0.814 (0.449-0.760) | 0.28 | ||||||
| Mental work | -0.062 | 0.640 (0.013-0.739) | 0.01 | -0.066 | 0.610 (0.47-1.22) | 0.03 | -0.893 | 0.509 (0.097-0.894) | 0.02 | -1.303 | 0.233 (0.065-0.794) | < 0.01 |
| Residential region (urban) | -0.122 | 0.886 (0.734-0.992) | 0.70 | 0.41 | 1.575 (0.961-1.912) | 0.51 | ||||||
| Smoking | 0.301 | 1.704 (1.311-2.163) | 0.48 | 0.496 | 1.132 (0.908-1.801) | 0.69 | ||||||
| Drinking | 0.127 | 1.308 (0.293-2.643) | 0.82 | 0.087 | 1.181 (0.764-1.597) | 0.74 | ||||||
| Hypertension | 0.068 | 1.071 (0.391-2.934) | 0.19 | 0.522 | 1.347 (0.990-1.814) | 0.41 | ||||||
| Cardiovascular disease | 0.721 | 2.057 (0.922-4.588) | 0.06 | 0.471 | 1.843 (0.891-2.914) | 0.09 | ||||||
| Hearing impairment | 2.395 | 10.31 (3.10-46.8) | 0.04 | 2.124 | 5.173 (1.302-13.232) | 0.04 | ||||||
| Stroke | 1.561 | 4.762 (1.573-14.419) | < 0.01 | 1.611 | 5.010 (1.27-12.908) | 0.02 | 0.984 | 1.292 (0.213-4.858) | 0.02 | 1.134 | 1.456 (0.831-4.762) | 0.02 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 0.043 | 1.044 (0.473-2.305) | 0.81 | 0.312 | 1.541 (0.451-2.211) |
0.73 | ||||||
| BMI | 0.037 | 1.038 (0.940-1.146) | 0.46 | 0.031 | 1.542 (0.411-2.897) |
0.21 | ||||||
| Mid-UAC | 0.012 | 1.012 (0.894-1.145) | 0.84 | -0.014 | 0.323 (0.033-2.870) |
0.87 | ||||||
| 6MWT | 0.149 | 1.161 (0.971-1.389) | 0.10 | 0.213 | 1.245 (1.084-1.913) | 0.08 | ||||||
| Grip strength | -0.033 | 0.967 (0.928-1.008) | 0.11 | -0.413 | 0.899 (0.414-1.184) | 0.11 | ||||||
| FBG | -0.032 | 0.969 (0.852-1.101) | 0.62 | -0.051 | 0.914 (0.245-2.181) | 0.82 | ||||||
| HbA1C | 0.008 | 1.035 (0.873-1.227) | 0.38 | 0.144 | 1.243 (0.324-3.197) | 0.43 | ||||||
| hsCRP | 0.07 | 1.008 (0.979-1.039) | 0.59 | 0.114 | 1.303 (0.441-1.910) | 0.65 | ||||||
| β2-MG | 0.094 | 1.099 (0.869-1.389) | 0.43 | 0.34 | 1.311 (1.046-2.09) | 0.51 | ||||||
| IL-6 | -0.013 | 0.987 (0.927-1.052) | 0.69 | 0.011 | 1.017 (0.213-3.511) | 0.81 | ||||||
| TCH | -0.259 | 0.772 (0.553-1.076) | 0.12 | -0.099 | 0.974 (0.423-1.037) | 0.17 | ||||||
| TG | 0.003 | 1.097 (0.886-1.264) | 0.97 | 0.013 | 1.041 (0.351-2.916) | 0.78 | ||||||
| LDL-C | -0.293 | 0.746 (0.502-1.109) | 0.14 | 0.012 | 1.016 (0.688-1.349) | 0.31 | ||||||
| HDL-C | 0.193 | 1.213 (0.572-2.570) | 0.61 | 0.091 | 1.133 (0.387-3.465) | 0.83 | ||||||
| MNA-SF-based malnutrition | 1.063 | 2.895 (1.438-5.830) | < 0.01 | 0.75 | 1.680 (1.01-2.146) | 0.04 | 0.931 | 3.465 (1.34-8.331) | 0.02 | 1.021 | 3.193 (0.944-5.523) | 0.04 |
| IADL-based disability | 0.987 | 2.683 (1.188-6.061) | 0.02 | 1.170 | 3.203 (1.189-6.06) | 0.02 | 0.606 | 1.833 (0.539-6.294) | < 0.01 | 0.833 | 2.104 (1.187-6.051) | 0.03 |
| FRAIL-based frailty phenotype | 1.110 | 3.033 (0.622-14.785) | 0.17 | 0.911 | 2.933 (0.462-5.097) | 0.22 | ||||||
| Low physical activity | 0.371 | 1.57 (1.290-2.987) | 0.41 | 0.432 | 1.033 (0.478-3.250) | 0.51 | ||||||
BMI: Body mass index; UAC: Upper arm circumference; 6MWT: 6-minute walk test; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; hsCRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein; β2-MG: β2-microglobulin; IL: Interleukin; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; TCH: Total cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MOCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MNA-SF: Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form; FRAIL: Fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illness, and loss of weight.