Skip to main content
. 2025 Jun 6;13:1574881. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1574881

Table 3.

Results by season (microbial contamination and PM).

Warm season Cold season
Microbial contamination Active Sampling Methods
  • Higher fungal load (DG18) on Andersen six-stage cascade impactor (stage 6)

  • Higher fungal (DG18) and bacterial (TSA) load on MAS-100

  • Higher fungal (DG18) and bacterial (TSA) load on Button Air Sampler

Passive Sampling Methods
  • Higher fungal contamination (DG18 incubated at 37°C) in surface swab samples

  • Higher fungal contamination (SDA) in EDCP samples

  • Higher fungal contamination (SDA) in filters from the vacuum cleaner

  • Higher fungal contamination (MEA) in EDC samples

  • Higher fungal contamination (DG18) and higher fungal resistance (ITZ, VCZ and PSZ) in surface swab samples

  • Higher fungal resistance (VCZ) in SD samples

  • Higher bacterial contamination (TSA) in filters from the vacuum cleaner samples

Particulate matter
  • MZ presented a higher concentration of particles from size 0.5 μ than E

  • BZ and MZ presented a higher concentration of particles from size 2.5 μ and 10.0 μ than E

  • BZ presented a higher concentration of particles from size 5.0 μ than E

  • MZ presented a higher concentration of particles from size 1.0 μ, 2.5 μ, 5.0 μ and 10.0 μ than E

EDC, Electrostatic Dust Cloth; EDCP, e-cloth; SD, Settled Dust; MZ, Machine Zone; BZ, Bench Zone; E, Exterior; MEA, Malt Extract Agar; DG18, Dicloran-Glycerol Agar; TSA, Tryptic Soy Agar; SDA, Saboraud Dextrose Agar; ITZ, Itraconazole; VCZ, Voriconazole; PSZ, Posaconazole.