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. 2025 Apr 18;56(7):1872–1882. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.124.048964

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© 2025 The Authors.

Stroke is published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — Superior effect of hypoxic-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells (HP-MSCs) on lesion size and functional outcome in a mouse model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury. A, Overview of study design. B, Representative images of ipsilateral tissue loss visualized by hematoxylin and eosin staining in SHAM-control mice or HI-injured mice intranasally treated with either vehicle (VEH), normoxic-preconditioned MSCs (NP-MSCs), or HP-MSCs at 10 days post-HI. C, Quantification of ipsilateral tissue loss (%) at 28 days post-HI. D, Non-impaired forepaw preference at 28 days post-HI; SHAM: n=18, HI-VEH: n=21, HI–NP-MSC (C): n=23; NP-MSC (D): n=22, HI–HP-MSC: n=19. Data represent mean±SD. ###P<0.001, ####P<0.0001 significance relative to HI-VEH; *P<0.05 HI–HP-MSC vs HI–NP-MSC.