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. 2025 Apr 18;56(7):1872–1882. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.124.048964

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© 2025 The Authors.

Stroke is published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 2. — Enhanced migratory capacity of hypoxic-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells (HP-MSCs) compared with normoxic-preconditioned MSCs (NP-MSCs) in vivo and in vitro. A, Overview of the study design. B, Gold-labeled MSC migration toward the ipsilateral lesioned hemisphere expressed in total number of cells; hypoxic-ischemic (HI)–vehicle (VEH): n=3, HI–NP-MSC: n=7, HI–HP-MSC: n=7. The HI-VEH group was used as negative control only and was not included in the statistical analysis. C, left, schematic overview of transwell migration assay; right, quantification of number of HP-MSCs or NP-MSCs migrated toward 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) in vitro; n=6–7 per condition. Data represent mean±SD. *P<0.05; ****P<0.0001 HP-MSCs vs NP-MSCs, ####P<0.0001 relative to no FCS condition.