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. 2025 Apr 18;56(7):1872–1882. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.124.048964

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© 2025 The Authors.

Stroke is published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 5. — Hypoxic preconditioning of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) leads to increased intracellular expression of Hif1α (hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha) and proteins primarily involved in glucose metabolism and ECM (extracellular matrix) remodeling. A, Volcano plot with significantly upregulated (red) and downregulated (blue) proteins directly after hypoxic preconditioning. Annotated proteins are found to be involved in migratory processes by enrichment analysis. Hif1α and its interactors are underlined; n=2 per condition. B, Pathway enrichment analysis of upregulated and downregulated proteins in hypoxic-preconditioned MSCs (HP-MSCs) vs normoxic-preconditioned MSCs (NP-MSCs). C, Quantification of Col1a1 (collagen alpha-1(I) chain) expression by NP-MSCs and HP-MSCs. D, Representative fluorescent images (10×) of Fn1 (fibronectin 1)⁺ ECM and Col1a1⁺ MSCs in vitro. E, Quantification of Fn1 expression in the ECM of NP-MSCs and HP-MSCs. Data represent mean±SD. C and E, n=6 per condition. Bsg indicates basigin; Bst2, Bone marrow stromal antigen 2; Col16a1, collagen alpha-1(XVI) chain; Col1a1, collagen alpha-1(I) chain; Col1a2, collagen alpha-2(I) chain; Col24a1, collagen alpha-1(XXIV) chain; Col3a1, collagen alpha-1(III) chain; Col4a1, collagen alpha-1(IV) chain; Col4a2, collagen alpha-2(IV) chain; Col5a1, collagen alpha-1(V) chain; Col5a2, collagen alpha-2(V) chain; Cyp1b1, cytochrome P450 1B1; Dag1, dystroglycan 1; Dlc1, Rho GTPase-activating protein 7; Egln1, Egl [egg-laying defective] nine homolog 1; Ero1a, ERO1-like protein alpha; Fkbp10, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP10; Foxo3, Forkhead box protein O3; Gpi, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; Il1rn, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein; Krt10, keratin, type I cytoskeletal 10; Krt2, keratin, type II cytoskeletal 2 epidermal; Krt42, keratin, type I cytoskeletal 42; Krt5, keratin, type II cytoskeletal 5; Krt76, keratin, type II cytoskeletal 2 oral; Krt79, keratin, type II cytoskeletal 79; Lox, protein-lysine 6-oxidase; Loxl1, lysyl oxidase homolog 1; Loxl2, Lysyl oxidase homolog 2; Loxl4, Lysyl oxidase homolog 4; Mif, Macrophage migration inhibitory factor; P4ha1, prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1; Rhob, Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoB; Sap30, histone deacetylase complex subunit SAP30; Sash1, SAM and SH3 domain-containing protein 1; and Vhl, Von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor. *P<0.05, ***P<0.001.