Figure 1. Figure summarizing four key application areas where HCD principles are implemented in digital health technologies.

The four areas are BCIs, AR/VR, mHealth, and AI-CDSS. For each domain, specific design priorities, such as usability, personalization, workflow integration, user training, and trust, are identified, reflecting how HCD principles guide the development of user-adapted, ethical, and effective digital health solutions

AI-CDSS: artificial intelligence-based clinical decision support systems; AR/VR: augmented/virtual reality; BCI: brain-computer interface; HCD: human-centered design; mHealth: mobile health

Image credits: This is an original image created by the author Katerina D. Tzimourta