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. 2025 Jun 20;15:20127. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-04515-1

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© The Author(s) 2025

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Relative expression patterns of immunity genes in the healthy and mastitis affected Barki ewes. Results are expressed as means ± SEM. *P < 0.05. IFN-γ interferon gamma, IL-4 iterleukin-4, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-alpha, MYD88 myeloid differentiation primary response 88, CCL5 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5, TLR4 toll-like receptor 4, TLR9 toll-like receptor 9, LTF lactoferrin, PRLR prolactin receptor.