Table 2.
Top regulated Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathways in mice nursed by α-casein deficient dams and control dams on day 21 and day 100 of life as identified by EnrichrKG and ShinyGo. KEGG and Gene Ontology pathway IDs are shown alongside the p-values of their enrichment
| Day 21 upregulated | ||
|---|---|---|
| term | library | p -value |
| microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in mitosis | GO:1902850 | 1.16E-16 |
| mitotic spindle organization | GO:0007052 | 1.16E-13 |
| DNA metabolic process | GO:0006259 | 5.28E-11 |
| DNA replication | GO:0006260 | 1.13E-09 |
| DNA strand elongation involved in DNA replication | GO:0006271 | 1.67E-08 |
| Glutathione metabolism | KEGG mmu00480 | 7.12E-08 |
| Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 | KEGG mmu00980 | 1.24E-07 |
| DNA replication | KEGG mmu03030 | 2.16E-07 |
| Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis | KEGG mmu05418 | 0.000002 |
| Day 21 downregulated | ||
| term | library | p -value |
| Peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation | GO:0018108 | 0.000145 |
| Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies | KEGG mmu00072 | 0.000172 |
| Enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway | GO:0007167 | 0.000227 |
| Peptidyl-tyrosine modification | GO:0018212 | 0.000466 |
| Steroid biosynthesis | KEGG mmu00100 | 0.001499 |
| Ovarian steroidogenesis | KEGG mmu04913 | 0.002833 |
| Complement and coagulation cascades | KEGG mmu04610 | 0.003051 |
| Day 100 upregulated | ||
| term | library | p -value |
| Positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity | GO:1905599 | 0.000319 |
| Fatty acid elongation | KEGG mmu00062 | 0.000477 |
| Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids | KEGG mmu01040 | 0.000477 |
| Negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process | GO:0043524 | 0.000725 |
| Positive regulation of neurogenesis | GO:0050769 | 0.000764 |
| Stress-induced premature senescence | GO:0090400 | 0.000869 |
| Very long-chain fatty acid metabolic process | GO:0000038 | 0.000882 |
| PI3K-Akt signaling pathway | KEGG mmu04151 | 0.00419 |
| MAPK signaling pathway | KEGG mmu04010 | 0.006805 |
| Homologous recombination | KEGG mmu03440 | 0.02285 |
| Day 100 downregulated | ||
| term | library | p -value |
| Entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod | GO:0043153 | 6.22E-06 |
| Photoperiodism | GO:0009648 | 7.23E-06 |
| Cellular response to hexose stimulus | GO:0071331 | 0.000189 |
| Circadian rhythm | KEGG mmu04710 | 0.000362 |
| Androgen biosynthetic process | GO:0006702 | 0.000706 |
| Positive regulation of cell activation | GO:0050867 | 0.00088 |
| Circadian entrainment | KEGG mmu04713 | 0.009581 |
| Hepatitis B | KEGG mmu05161 | 0.03674 |