Table 2.

Between-group statistical analysis (elderly vs. young). This table shows the statistical comparison between elderly and young individuals in terms of small world (SW) properties across different frequency bands both pre- and post-sleep onset. Statistical significance is represented by p-values, with values below 0.05 indicating significant differences. A dash (“-”) means no statistical differences were found (p > 0.05)

	Between statistical analysis (elderly vs young)
	Pre-sleep onset	Post-sleep onset
Delta	p = 0.000004	p = 0.000011
Theta	-	-
Alpha	-	-
Sigma	p = 0.000001	-
Beta	p = 0.000003	p = 0.000002