Table 2. Association of Individual MoCA Domains (Categorical and Continuous) With Cognitive Impairment Among Hemodialysis Patients (n = 198).

MoCA impairment cut-offs for categorical domains were based on established norms. Chi-square test was used for categorical variables and independent samples t-test for continuous variables. All p-values are two-tailed. Reference group: “Not Impaired” (categorical) and “No Cognitive Impairment” (MoCA ≥26).

MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment

MoCA Domain	Impaired n (%)	Not Impaired n (%)	Test Value	p-value	Mean (±SD) Impaired	Mean (±SD) Not Impaired	Mean Difference	t-value	p-value
Visuospatial (Max 5)	96 (48.5%)	102 (51.5%)	χ²=84.05	<0.001	3.70±1.07	4.90±0.30	1.204	11.47	<0.001
Naming (Max 3)	19 (9.6%)	179 (90.4%)	χ²=14.86	<0.001	2.01±0.64	2.40±0.49	0.394	4.88	<0.001
Attention (Max 6)	69 (34.8%)	129 (65.2%)	χ²=64.75	<0.001	4.06±1.42	5.40±0.54	1.342	9.29	<0.001
Language (Max 3)	8 (4.0%)	190 (96.0%)	χ²=5.89	0.015	2.18±0.54	2.51±0.50	0.331	4.44	<0.001
Abstraction (Max 2)	92 (46.5%)	106 (53.5%)	χ²=91.69	<0.001	1.21±0.50	1.94±0.24	0.732	13.63	<0.001
Delayed Recall (Max 5)	80 (40.4%)	118 (59.6%)	χ² = 94.89	<0.001	2.86±0.88	4.44±0.50	1.577	15.95	<0.001
Orientation (Max 6)	86 (43.4%)	112 (56.6%)	χ² = Not provided	NA	2.60±1.16	5.46±0.61	2.860	22.54	<0.001
Total MoCA Score (Max 30)					18.60±4.69	27.20±1.48	8.592	18.47	<0.001