Table 1.
Main characteristics of eligible studies for the analysis of vitamin D supplementation in Parkinson’s disease.
| Studies, country | Number | Age [year; mean (SD)] | Sex male (%) | Treatment | Adherence | Study duration (m) | 25(OH)D serum concentration changes at baseline and endpoints [ng/mL; mean (SD)] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T | C | T | C | T | C | T | C | T | C | |||
| Sato et al. (35) Japan |
43 | 43 | 70.5 (2.9) | 70.7 (3.3) | 18 (41.9) | 17 (39.5) | 1 μg 1α (OH)D3/d | Placebo | 93% | 18 | 11.0 (5.9) | 11.8 (6.9) |
| 11.3 (4.3) | 11.6 (6.4) | |||||||||||
| Dubose et al. (33) USA |
16 | 14 | 64 (7.9) | 65 (7.3) | 11 (68.8) | 8 (57.1) | Vit. D3 50,000 IU/w + Vit. D 600 IU/d | Placebo+Vit. D 600 IU/d | 90% | 0 | 20.2 (8.6) | 24.9 (8.6) |
| 3 | 69.1 (41.7) | 25.9 (9.1) | ||||||||||
| 6 | 71.9 (38.3) | 25.5 (7.5) | ||||||||||
| Suzuki et al. (23) Japan |
56 | 58 | 72.(6.6) | 71.2 (6.9) | 31 (52) | 29 (53) | Vit. D3 1,200 IU/d | Placebo | 91% | 12 | 22.5 (9.7) | 21.1 (8.8) |
| 41.7 (12.6) | 21.4 (9.8) | |||||||||||
| Habibi et al. (34) Iran |
60 | 60 | 44.02 (13.2) | 49.9 (11.4) | na | na | Vit. D3 1,000 IU/d | Placebo | na | 3 | na | na |
| Hiller et al. (4) USA |
28 | 30 | 64.63 (8.1) | 68.75 (7.6) | 23 (82.1) | 20 (66.7) | Vit. D 10,000 IU/d + 1,000 mg Calcium/d | Placebo+1,000 mg Calcium/d | 88% | 4 | 30.33 (5.378) | 29.92 (6.324) |
| 61.1 (na) | 27.8 (na) | |||||||||||
| Barichella et al. (30) Italy |
75 | 75 | 66.8 (8.2) | 68.5 (7.9) | 50 (66.6) | 46 (61.3) | Vit. D 1,600 IU/d + 1,000 mg Calcium/d + 40 g of whey proteins+hospital diet | Hospital diet | 91% | 1 | 6.6 (14.1) changes |
−3.2(−13) changes |
| Bytowska et al.(32) Poland | 21 | 21 | 63 (9) | 66 (6) | 6 | 13 | Vit. D3 4,000–6,000 IU/d | Placebo | 69% | 3 | 25.55 (8.94) | 21.98 (10.91) |
| 34.99 (12.27) | <21.98(na) | |||||||||||
| Zali et al. (36) Iran |
23 | 23 | 56.34 (10.23) | 55.73 (10.98) | 14 (60.9) | 15 (65.2) | Probiotics + 400 IU Vit. D | Placebo | 100% | 4 | na | na |
T, treatment group; C, control group; 25 (OH) D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; na, not available; Vit. D, vitamin D.