Table 2.
Comorbidities and risk factors at index VTE event in the overall population
| Variable, n (%) | Overall (N = 600) |
DVT only (N = 237) |
PE only (N = 302) |
DVT & PE (N = 61) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any identifiable factor that could have contributed to the IE | 576 (96.0) | 223 (94.1) | 292 (96.7) | 61 (100.0) |
| ≥ 1 temporary (major or minor) risk factor | 278 (46.3) | 98 (41.4) | 156 (51.7) | 24 (39.3) |
| ≥ 1 temporary major risk factor within 3 months before the IE | 126 (21.0) | 34 (14.3) | 81 (26.8) | 11 (18.0) |
| Immobilizationa | 94 (15.7) | 19 (8.0) | 67 (22.2) | 8 (13.1) |
| Surgery with general anaesthesia for > 30 min | 45 (7.5) | 14 (5.9) | 23 (7.6) | 8 (13.1) |
| Trauma with fractures | 22 (3.7) | 6 (2.5) | 12 (4.0) | 4 (6.6) |
| ≥ 1 temporary minor risk factor within 2 months before the IE | 219 (36.5) | 77 (32.5) | 123 (40.7) | 19 (31.1) |
| Bedridden (out of hospital) for ≥ 3 days with an acute illness | 85 (14.2) | 21 (8.9) | 56 (18.5) | 8 (13.1) |
| Prolonged (≥ 6 h) seated immobility | 51 (8.5) | 20 (8.4) | 26 (8.6) | 5 (8.2) |
| Admission to hospital for < 3 days with an acute illness | 48 (8.0) | 10 (4.2) | 34 (11.3) | 4 (6.6) |
| Central venous lines | 28 (4.7) | 16 (6.8) | 12 (4.0) | - |
| Leg injuryb associated with reduced mobility for ≥ 3 days | 24 (4.0) | 10 (4.2) | 11 (3.6) | 3 (4.9) |
| Blood transfusion | 21 (3.5) | 7 (3.0) | 13 (4.3) | 1 (1.6) |
| Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents | 17 (2.8) | 7 (3.0) | 9 (3.0) | 1 (1.6) |
| Superficial vein thrombosis | 12 (2.0) | 12 (5.1) | - | - |
| Minor surgery (with general anaesthesia < 30 min) | 9 (1.5) | 4 (1.7) | 4 (1.3) | 1 (1.6) |
| Oestrogen therapy/Contraception (oral contraceptives) | 8 (1.3) | 6 (2.5) | 2 (0.7) | - |
| ≥ 1 persistent risk factor | 258 (43.0) | 99 (41.8) | 132 (43.7) | 27 (44.3) |
| Cancer (past, active, or newly-diagnosed) | 134 (22.3) | 49 (20.7) | 75 (24.8) | 10 (16.4) |
| Cancer (currently active) | 106 (17.7) | 40 (16.9) | 60 (19.9) | 6 (9.8) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 49 (8.2) | 16 (6.8) | 31 (10.3) | 2 (3.3) |
| ≥ 1 previous VTE episodes in the absence of a major transient or reversible factor | 36 (6.0) | 12 (5.1) | 17 (5.6) | 7 (11.5) |
| Chronic heart failure | 28 (4.7) | 11 (4.6) | 16 (5.3) | 1 (1.6) |
| Active autoimmune disease (other than APS) | 22 (3.7) | 9 (3.8) | 11 (3.6) | 2 (3.3) |
| Known family history of DVT/PE | 17 (2.8) | 7 (3.0) | 8 (2.6) | 2 (3.3) |
| Thrombophilia (other than APS) | 10 (1.7) | 6 (2.5) | 3 (1.0) | 1 (1.6) |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 6 (1.0) | - | 2 (0.7) | 4 (6.6) |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.3) | - |
| ≥ 1 temporary (major or minor) or persistent risk factor | 425 (70.8) | 154 (65.0) | 229 (75.8) | 42 (68.9) |
| ≥ 1 other risk factorc | 530 (88.3) | 206 (86.9) | 272 (90.1) | 52 (85.2) |
| Ever-smoking (current and former) | 321 (53.5) | 124 (52.3) | 161 (53.3) | 36 (59.0) |
| Arterial hypertension | 264 (44.0) | 105 (44.3) | 132 (43.7) | 27 (44.3) |
| Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) | 178 (29.7) | 69 (29.1) | 87 (28.8) | 22 (36.1) |
| COVID-19 | 106 (17.7) | 9 (3.8) | 95 (31.5) | 2 (3.3) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 82 (13.7) | 31 (13.1) | 45 (14.9) | 6 (9.8) |
| Varicose veins | 66 (11.0) | 40 (16.9) | 20 (6.6) | 6 (9.8) |
| Myocardial infarction (within the previous 3 months) | 21 (3.5) | 9 (3.8) | 11 (3.6) | 1 (1.6) |
| History of major bleeding | 14 (2.3) | 3 (1.3) | 10 (3.3) | 1 (1.6) |
| Use of medication(s) predisposing to bleeding at IE presentation | 57 (9.5) | 19 (8.0) | 35 (11.6) | 3 (4.9) |
aDefined as confined to bed in hospital (only bathroom privileges) for ≥ 3 days due to acute illness or acute exacerbation of a chronic illness
bwithout fracture
cReported in > 5 patients total
Abbreviations APS Antiphospholipid Syndrome, BMI Body Mass Index, DVT Deep Vein Thrombosis, IE Index (VTE) Event, N number of patients with available data, n number of patients with variable, PE Pulmonary Embolism, VTE Venous Thromboembolism