Table 5.
Associations between central aspects of pain and related characteristics.
| Characteristic | Questionnaire | Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Β (95% CI) | P | Β (95% CI) | P | ||
| Neuropathic -like pain | painDETECT | 0.55 (0.45, 0.65) | <0.001 | 0.49 (0.30, 0.69) | <0.001 |
| Fatigue | BRAF total fatigue | 0.73 (0.64, 0.82) | <0.001 | 0.70 (0.56, 0.83) | <0.001 |
| Cognitive impact | CFQ total | −0.36 (−0.52, −0.19) | <0.001 | −0.38 (−0.57, −0.19) | 0.001 |
| Pain-related worrying | PCS total | 0.57 (0.42, 0.71) | <0.001 | 0.58 (0.41, 0.74) | <0.001 |
| Anxiety | HADs anxiety | 0.43 (0.28, 0.58) | <0.001 | 0.43 (0.27, 0.59) | <0.001 |
| Sleep | AIS | 0.50 (0.34, 0.65) | <0.001 | 0.51 (0.35, 0.68) | <0.001 |
| Depression | HADS depression | 0.45 (0.31, 0.59) | <0.001 | 0.48 (0.32, 0.64) | <0.001 |
| Pain distribution | WPI | 0.26 (0.09, 0.43) | 0.002 | 0.29 (0.11, 0.46) | 0.001 |
| Pain distribution | Fibromyalgianess score | 0.38 (0.22, 0.23) | <0.001 | 0.42 (0.26, 0.58) | <0.001 |
Standardised beta coefficients are derived from separate multivariable linear regression models with the CAP. CAP scores were modified by omission of the item that was originally derived from a questionnaire addressing that characteristic tested by the model. For example, the CAP fatigue item was omitted from CAP scores in linear regression against BRAF fatigue scores. Models are presented unadjusted and adjusted for age, sex and BMI.
AIS, Athens insomnia scale; B, standardised beta; BRAF, Bristol rheumatoid arthritis fatigue scale, CFQ, cognitive failures questionnaire; HADs, hospital anxiety and depression scale; painDETECT, total score from modified painDETECT questionnaire; PCS, pain catastrophising scale; SE, standard error; WPI, widespread pain index (manikin score).