Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants, overall and stratified by fall status
| Residents’ characteristics | Total (N = 3921) | Fallers (N = 754) | Non-fallers (N = 3167) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age class | |||
| 65–74 | 246 (6.3%) | 45 (6%) | 201 (6.3%) |
| 75–84 | 1074 (27.4%) | 204 (27.1%) | 870 (27.5%) |
| 85+ | 2601 (66.3%) | 505 (67%) | 2096 (66.2%) |
| Sex | |||
| Females | 2726 (69.5%) | 470 (62.3%) | 2256 (71.2%) |
| Time to first fall / censoring | |||
| Median (IQR) days | 365.0 (365.0–365.0) | 209.0 (132.0–277.8) | 365.0 (365.0–365.0) |
| Length of stay | |||
| Median (IQR) | 0.6 (0.4–1.1) | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) |
| 0–2 years | 3332 (85%) | 645 (85.5%) | 2687 (84.8%) |
| > 2 years | 589 (15%) | 109 (14.5%) | 480 (15.2%) |
| T-POMA score | |||
| ≤18 | 784 (20%) | 230 (30.5%) | 554 (17.5%) |
| 19–24 | 787 (20.1%) | 190 (25.2%) | 597 (18.9%) |
| 25+ | 2350 (59.9%) | 334 (44.3%) | 2016 (63.7%) |
| Physical restraint | |||
| No / Sporadic | 1879 (47.9%) | 470 (62.3%) | 1409 (44.5%) |
| Frequent / Daily | 2042 (52.1%) | 284 (37.7%) | 1758 (55.5%) |
| General health conditions | |||
| Good / Discrete | 2596 (66.2%) | 590 (78.2%) | 2006 (63.3%) |
| Poor | 1325 (33.8%) | 164 (21.8%) | 1161 (36.7%) |
| Visual impairment | |||
| No / Mild | 3538 (90.2%) | 697 (92.4%) | 2841 (89.7%) |
| Moderate / Severe | 383 (9.8%) | 57 (7.6%) | 326 (10.3%) |
| Hearing impairment | |||
| No / Mild | 3465 (88.4%) | 660 (87.5%) | 2805 (88.6%) |
| Moderate / Severe | 456 (11.6%) | 94 (12.5%) | 362 (11.4%) |
| Cognitive impairment (MMSE) | |||
| 18+ (No / Mild) | 1772 (45.2%) | 353 (46.8%) | 1419 (44.8%) |
| < 18 (Moderate / Severe) | 2149 (54.8%) | 401 (53.2%) | 1748 (55.2%) |
| Functional assessment (Barthel Index) | |||
| 75+ (Autonomous / Mild Dependence) | 402 (10.3%) | 118 (15.6%) | 284 (9%) |
| < 75 (Moderate / Severe Dependence) | 3519 (89.7%) | 636 (84.4%) | 2883 (91%) |
| Mood and behaviour disorders | |||
| No / Mild | 2842 (72.5%) | 520 (69%) | 2322 (73.3%) |
| Moderate / Severe | 1079 (27.5%) | 234 (31%) | 845 (26.7%) |
| Comorbidities influencing the risk of falls | |||
| No / Not Relevant | 964 (24.6%) | 206 (27.3%) | 758 (23.9%) |
| Relevant | 2957 (75.4%) | 548 (72.7%) | 2409 (76.1%) |
| Therapies influencing the risk of falls | |||
| No / Mild Risk | 1570 (40%) | 286 (37.9%) | 1284 (40.5%) |
| Moderate / Severe Risk | 2351 (60%) | 468 (62.1%) | 1883 (59.5%) |
| Previous falls within the last 180 days | |||
| No | 3365 (85.8%) | 643 (85.3%) | 2722 (85.9%) |
| 1+ | 556 (14.2%) | 111 (14.7%) | 445 (14.1%) |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; T-POMA, Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination